海运提单中仲裁援引条款效力的重建

Reconstructing the Validity of the Incorporation of Arbitration Clauses into Ocean Bills of Lading

在国际海上货物运输中,货物运输的纠纷往往参照海运提单中的仲裁援引条款解决。虽然这一做法已成为商业习惯而被广泛应用,但从法理上这类援引条款的效力仍饱受质疑,适用规则不清晰。基于对海运提单流转方式和仲裁条款独立性的考量,海运提单中仲裁援引条款的效力主要来源于双重法律结构,在该结构中租船合同中的仲裁条款通过明示的援引条款并入海运提单,成为提单持有人和承运人间的仲裁合约,对当事双方产生合同效力。我们应从海运提单中的法律性质出发,论证海运提单中仲裁援引条款的法律属性,阐明仲裁援引条款的适用规则。

In the international carriage of goods by sea,disputes are often resolved by referring to arbitration incorporation clauses in bills of lading.Although this practice has been a common business habit,the validity of such invocation clauses is still questionable from the legal perspective,and the applicable rules remain uncertain.Considering the circulation mode of ocean bill of lading and the independence of arbitration clause,the validity of the arbitration incorporation clause is based on a two-tiered legal structure.In this structure,arbitration clauses in a charter party are written into ocean bills of lading by explicitly-worded incorporation clauses,and then it becomes an arbitration agreement between the holder of the bill of lading and the carrier,and has contractual effect on both parties.It is necessary to examine this issue from the legal nature of ocean bills of lading,explain the legal nature of the arbitration incorporation clause in ocean bills of lading,and clarifies the application rules of incorporating arbitration clauses into ocean bills of lading.