河南省黄河流域用水结构演变与空间均衡状态评价

Evolution of Water Use Structure and Evaluation of Spatial Equilibrium in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展上升为重大国家战略后,分析和探究黄河流域用水结构的变化特征日趋重要。选取用水竞争激烈的河南省黄河流域为典型区域,采用信息熵、洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数等方法,量化分析了所辖8个市用水结构的演变特征,并评价了用水结构的空间均衡状态。研究结果表明:河南省黄河流域的用水结构朝着良性循环的方向演化,用水结构未表现出单一的绝对优势;2010—2019年河南省黄河流域工业用水、生活用水的空间均衡状态未出现较大改变,而农业用水、生态用水的空间均衡程度明显下降;2019年农业用水和工业用水在各市的空间分布比较均衡,生活用水和生态用水空间分布相对集中。其中,农业用水比重较高的地市是新乡、焦作、濮阳等;工业用水结构相比于农业,整体均衡程度略低,洛阳、三门峡工业用水比例显著高于其余地市;生活用水、生态用水向郑州、开封、三门峡等地市集中,这些地市具有相似的用水特征,且用水量保持逐年增加的趋势,这在一定程度上加剧了区域差异性。研究成果可为河南省黄河流域调整用水结构、优化产业布局和水资源高效利用提供参考依据。

After the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin have become a major national strategy,it is increasingly important to analyze and explore the changing characteristics of water use structure in the Yellow River Basin.Taking the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province as a typical area with fierce water competition,the evolution characteristics of water use structure in eight cities were quantitatively analyzed by means of information entropy,Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient,and the spatial equilibrium state of water use structure was evaluated.The results are as follows.Firstly,the water use structure of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province is evolving towards a virtuous cycle,and the water use structure does not show a single absolute advantage.From 2010 to 2019,the spatial equilibrium of industrial water and domestic water in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province did not change significantly,while the spatial equilibrium of agricultural water and ecological water decreased significantly.In 2019,the spatial distribution of agricultural water and industrial water in each city was relatively balanced,while the spatial distribution of domestic water and ecological water was relatively concentrated.Among them,Xinxiang,Jiaozuo,Puyang,etc.are the cities with a relatively high proportion of agricultural water use.Compared with agriculture,the overall equilibrium of industrial water structure is slightly lower,and the proportion of industrial water in Luoyang and Sanmenxia is significantly higher than that of other cities.Domestic water and ecological water are concentrated in Zhengzhou,Kaifeng,Sanmenxia and other cities.These cities have similar water use characteristics,and the water consumption keeps increasing year by year,which exacerbates regional differences to a certain extent.The research results can provide references for adjusting water use structure,optimizing industrial layout and efficient utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province.