基于水工消能原理的溃口水流降速方法

Method of Flow Deceleration at Dyke Breach Based on HydraulicEnergy Dissipation Principle

溃口险情具有发生难以预测、发展速度极快、抢险难度很大的特点。目前溃口抢险的方法主要是采用机械化作业加抛投物料。在溃口发展期,口门处水头差大、流速快、物料极易被冲走,因此往往是在水流流速减缓后进行堵口。这不但降低了抢险的时效性,而且使堤内经受长时间洪水涌入造成了较大的经济损失。针对较高速水流条件下堵口的难题,从降低水流流速的角度出发,基于水工消能原理,发明了一种水流降速结构物,对其降速的基本原理进行了分析,并通过模型试验和数值模拟方法研究并验证了其降速效果和受力性能,最后提出了溃口水流的降速方法。研究成果可降低较高流速下溃口抢险的难度,使得较高流速下溃口封堵成为可能。

Dyke breach develops rapidly,and is hard to predict and to be dealt with.Current methods of dealing with breach emergency are mainly mechanized operation and throwing materials.However,in the development of the breach,the materials are prone to be washed away due to large water head difference at the entrance and high velocity of the flow.The breach,therefore,can only be blocked after the water flow slows down,which reduces the timeliness of emergency rescue and causes great economic loss after a long time of flood inflow.We invented a flow deceleration structure based on the principle of hydraulic energy dissipation to address the problem of breach closure under high speed flow.We expounded the basic principle of flow deceleration,and verified its deceleration effect and mechanical performance via model test and numerical simulation.By using this flow deceleration method,we can reduce the difficulty of emergency rescue and make it possible to close the breach at high flow velocity.