积极生育支持视域下我国“去家庭化”生育支持政策的完善研究

A Study on the Perfection of China’s“De-Familialization”Fertility Support Policy from the Perspective of Active Fertility Support

进入21世纪后,我国呈现出人口结构恶化、生育率下降、新生儿性别比例失调等问题,同时我国家庭也面临着家庭变迁、女性就业、育儿经济压力,以及父亲在养育和教育中的角色缺失等问题,使得家庭生育支持难以满足我国育龄人口日益多样化的需求。与经历了从“去家庭化”到“再家庭化”过程的西方国家生育支持政策不同,我国长期实行抑制人口生育的政策,加之城乡二元的社会政策设计,使得我国只有有限的、碎片化的生育支持政策,“去家庭化”的生育支持服务也较为有限。因此,我国生育支持政策的完善不可能简单重复西方国家的老路,应以“去家庭化”生育支持为主来构建我国生育支持政策体系,完善生育支持政策顶层设计,健全政策执行体系,加强具体政策的综合性与协调性,努力建设一个“生育友好型”社会。

After entering the new century,China’s population presents problems such as the deterioration of population structure,the decline of total fertility rate,the imbalance of neonatal sex ratio and so on.Meanwhile,Chinese families face problems such as the family change,the female employment,the economic pressure of infant rearing,the lack of father’s role in the early childhood care and education.It makes it difficult for family reproductive support to meet the increasingly diversified reproductive support needs of China’s population of childbearing age.Different from the process of“de-familialization”to“re-familialization”in western countries,due to the long-term implementation of the policy of restraining population fertility and the dual social policy design of urban and rural areas,China has only limited and fragmented fertility support policies,and the“defamilialization”fertility support services are relatively limited.Therefore,the improvement of China’s fertility support policy can not simply repeat the old road of Western reform.We should build China’s fertility support policy system under the guidance of“de-familialization”.It is suggested to improve the top-level design of the fertility support system,improve the policy implementation system,strengthen the comprehensiveness and coordination of specific fertility support policies,and strive to build a“fertility friendly”society.