饲粮中益生菌的添加对绿壳蛋鸡种公鸡睾丸发育及抗氧化功能的影响

Effects of Dietary Probiotics on Testis Development and Antioxidant Function of Green Shell Laying Hens

【目的】探究饲粮中添加益生菌(主要成分为芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌)对绿壳蛋鸡种公鸡睾丸发育、血液激素水平及睾丸抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】选取90只30日龄体重相近且健康的绿壳蛋鸡种公鸡为研究对象,将其随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中按照千分之一比例添加复合益生菌,饲养周期40周。待种公鸡达到性成熟高峰期时(240日龄),对2组种公鸡的精液品质、睾丸发育情况、血液激素含量及抗氧化酶活性进行测定。【结果】(1)与对照组相比,试验组种公鸡的精子活力较对照组提高了5.6%,精子活率提高了9.5%,畸形率降低了21.4%,p H值也下降了1.5%,但两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);同时,睾丸中生精小管内精子量高于对照组;(2)与对照组相比,试验组种公鸡血清中的睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)水平均极显著提高(P<0.01),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平显著提高(P<0.05),而促黄体激素(LH)略有增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)与对照组相比,试验组种公鸡睾丸组织中Caspase-3和Caspase-9的表达量均有下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而细胞增殖和周期相关基因PCNA、CDK2和CyclinD1的表达量均有增加。此外,试验组中抗氧化基因GPX2、GPX3、GPX4、GPX7、GST和GSR的表达量均显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。【结论】在绿壳蛋鸡种公鸡的饲粮中添加益生菌,可以提高种公鸡的精液品质,增强睾丸的抗氧化能力,对提高种公鸡的繁殖能力有一定的改善作用。

【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics(The main components are Bacillus subtilis,Lactic Acid Bacteria and Saccharomyces)on testicular development,hormone levels of blood and testicular antioxidant capacity of green shell laying hens.【Method】90 healthy green shell laying hens at 30 days of age with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental group was fed a basal diet supplemented with compound probiotics in the proportion of 1/1000.The feeding period was 40 weeks.At the peak of sexual maturity(240 days old age),the relative semen quality,testicular development,the contents of main reproductive hormones in serum and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum were evaluated.【Result】①Compared with the control group,the sperm motility,sperm motility rate,deformity rate and pH value of the experimental group were increased by 5.6%,9.5%,21.4%and 1.5%respectively,but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05),meanwhile,the amount of spermatogenic tubule in testis was higher than that in control group;②compared with the control group,the serum levels of testosterone(T),estradiol(E2),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in experimental groups were very significantly increased(P<0.01),the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)level was significantly increased(P<0.05),while luteinizing hormone(LH)increased slightly,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).③Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in testes of experimental group were decreased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05),while the expression levels of proliferation and CyclinD1 related genes PCNA,CDK2 and Cy⁃clinD1 were increased.In addition,the expression levels of antioxidant genes GPX2,GPX3,GPX4,GPX7,GST and GSR in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.01,P<0.05).【Conclusion】The supplementation of probiotics in the diet of green shell laying hens can improve the spermquality,enhance the antioxidant capacity of testis,and improve the reproductive capacity of breeding cocks to some extent.