经营规模、土地转入与化肥减量增效——基于全国4745个农户的调查数据

Farm Size,Land Transfer and Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency:Based on a Survey Data of 4 745 Rural Households in China

【目的】探索经营规模、土地转入与化肥减量增效的关系。【方法】基于2017年全国4 745个农户的调查数据,利用普通最小二乘和工具变量回归方法实证检验经营规模、土地转入对化肥施用强度和化肥利用效率的影响。【结果】经营规模对化肥施用强度有显著的负向影响,对化肥利用效率有显著的正向影响;平均来看,经营规模每扩大1倍将引致化肥施用强度降低30%、化肥利用效率提高14%。土地转入对化肥施用强度有显著的正向影响,对化肥利用效率无显著影响;转入土地农户的化肥施用强度较未转入土地农户高出14%。【结论】推动土地流转实现适度规模经营可以有效促进化肥减量增效;进一步保障土地流转的规范性和土地经营权益的稳定性将有助于促进转入土地农户降低化肥施用强度。

【Objective】 This paper aims to investigate the relationship between farm size,land transfer and fertilizer reduction and efficiency.【Method】 Based on the survey data of 4 745 rural households in China in 2017,the effects of farm size and land transfer on the fertilizer use intensity(FUI) and fertilizer use efficiency(FUE) were empirically tested using ordinary least squares and instrumental variable regression methods.【Result】 The farm size has a significant negative impact on the FUI and a significant positive impact on the FUE.On average,every doubling of the farm size will reduce the FUI by 30% and increase the FUE by 14%.Land transfer has a significant positive effect on the FUI and no significant effect on the FUE.The FUI of farmers who have transferred into land is 14% higher than that of farmers who have not transferred into land.【Conclusion】 Realizing moderate-scale operation by promoting land transfer can effectively promote fertilizer reduction and efficiency.Further guaranteeing the standardization of land transfer and the stability of land management rights will help to promote farmers who have transferred into land to reduce the FUI.