鼻腔黏膜免疫佐剂鞭毛蛋白的研究进展

Advances in Intranasal Immunization Adjuvant Flagellin

疫苗接种是预防传染病最为有效的措施。鉴于大多数病原主要通过黏膜途径感染机体,预先在黏膜表面建立有效的免疫应答是预防病原入侵的最佳方式。鼻腔免疫是一种高效、无痛的黏膜免疫途径,既可诱导系统免疫应答,又能诱导广泛的黏膜免疫应答。然而,大多数疫苗尤其是亚单位疫苗经鼻腔接种后难以诱导有效的黏膜免疫应答,需要借助佐剂的辅助作用。佐剂是一种非特异性免疫增强剂,通过激活天然免疫来增强适应性免疫应答从而达到提高疫苗保护效力的目的,是疫苗尤其是亚单位疫苗的重要组成部分。鞭毛蛋白作为鼻腔黏膜免疫佐剂的效应已被广泛证实:在增强系统免疫应答的同时,还能增强黏膜应答,尤其是分泌型IgA的产生。该文就鞭毛蛋白的分子结构、诱导的信号通路、作为疫苗佐剂的应用及机制方面的研究进展作一综述。

Vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent infectious diseases.Most pathogens infect human body through mucosal surfaces.Therefore,the best strategy to prevent pathogen invasion is to establish an effective mucosal immune response in advance.V accines inoculated through mucosal routes can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses.By activating innate immunity,adjuvants enhance vaccine antigen specific adaptive immune response and improve the protective effect of vaccine.Therefore,adjuvant is an important part of vaccination especially for subunit vaccination.The effect of flagellin as an intranasal adjuvant has been widely confirmed.It can enhance both systemic and mucosal immune response,especially the production of secretory IgA.In this paper,the molecular structure of flagellin,the activated signaling pathway,the application and mechanism of flagellin as intranasal vaccine adjuvant will be reviewed.