试论清末云南的革命团体“自治同志会”

On the Revolutionary Group Self-government Comrades'Association in Yunnan in the Late Qing Dynasty

张文光、刘辅国、刀安仁等人创立的“自治同志会”,是辛亥革命时期主要活跃于滇西地区的秘密革命团体,其成员除清军、学生、工人、商人等阶层外,包含大量哥老会成员,具有较广泛的群众基础,同时又采用“歃血盟誓”作为入会及起事仪式,具有一定的会党色彩。在云南辛亥革命中,“自治同志会”发挥动员群众、策划参与起义、推动滇西反正等作用,但因部分将领和哥老会成员纪律欠缺、盲目破坏,给局部地区的革命进程和社会秩序带来消极影响。

The Self-govermment Comrades'Association founded by Zhang Wenguang,Liu Fuguo,Dao Anren and others was a secret revolutionary group active mainly in western Yunnan during the Revolution of 1911.Its members ineluded soldiers of the Qing Army,students,workers,businessmen,and numerous members of the Elder Brothers'Society,covering wide social classes.And it used a blood pledge as the ceremony of joining in the association and starting a rebellion,showing certain features of secret organizations.During the Revolution of 1911 in Y unnan,the Self-govermment Comrades'Association mobilized people,planned and particeipated in uprisings,and promoted the revolution in western Yunnan.Howev-er,the undisciplined behaviors and mindless destruction made by some of its leaders and members of the Elder Brothers'Society brought negative impacts on the revolutionary progress and social order in that region.