妊娠合并糖尿病病人孕期血糖管理知信行现状及影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of blood glucose management knowledge,attitude,and practice in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy

目的:探讨妊娠合并糖尿病(GDM)病人孕期血糖管理知信行现状及影响因素。方法:选取GDM病人128例为研究对象,应用一般资料调查问卷、妊娠期糖尿病知识、行为和态度(KAB)简化量表、社会支持量表、一般自我效能量表对GMD病人进行评价,采用多元线性回归分析影响GDM病人血糖管理知信行相关影响因素。结果:GDM病人孕前血糖控制知信行总评分为(74.12±3.78)分、社会支持总评分(34.22±4.32)分、自我效能评分为(23.98±3.78)分。经Pearson相关性分析可知,GDM病人血糖控制知信行总评分及相关维度评分与自我效能、社会支持总评分及支持利用度呈正相关(P<0.05)。经多元线性回归分析可知,病人学历、接受控糖知识宣教次数、自我效能及社会支持是影响GDM病人血糖控制知信行的影响因素。结论:GDM病人孕期血糖管理知信行水平受多种因素影响,医护人员可通过提高病人自我效能,给予病人足够的社会支持,以改善病人孕期血糖管理行为。

Objective:To explore the knowledge,attitude,and behavior(KAB)of blood glucose management during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 128 patients with GDM were selected as the research subjects.The general information questionnaire,The Diabetes Self-management Knowledge,Behavior,and Attitude Assessment Scale,Social Support Scale,and General Self-Efficacy Scale were used for investigation.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors related to KAB of blood glucose management in patients with GDM.Results:The total score of KAB of blood sugar control before pregnancy in GDM patients was(74.12±3.78),the total score of social support was(34.22±4.32),and the score of self-efficacy was(23.98±3.78).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of KAB of blood glucose control and related dimension scores of GDM patients were positively correlated with self-efficacy,the total score of social support,and support utilization(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the patient′s education background,the frequency of education on sugar control knowledge,self-efficacy,and social support were the influencing factors affecting the KAB of blood sugar control in patients with GDM.Conclusions:The level of KAB of blood glucose management in GDM patients during pregnancy was affected by many factors.Medical staff could improve patients′self-efficacy and provide sufficient social support to improve patients′blood glucose management behavior during pregnancy.