微反应技术在均相反应中的应用

Application of microreaction technology in homogeneous reaction

微反应技术是研究和开发新型化学过程的合适方法,能够精准控制混合时间和反应温度,获得高重复性结果,提高反应效率。微反应技术可应用于均相和多相反应体系,尤其适合处理高温、高压、强放热反应和易燃、易爆、有毒有害原料或中间体。本文总结了近年来微反应技术应用在不同均相反应中的研究,包括酸催化反应、光化学反应、不对称催化反应、其他液-液相及临界反应。提出了目前微反应技术在工程应用的主要问题和相关解决方案。模拟及研发新型微通道反应系统的关键在于统筹多尺度界面强化效果,结合其他使能技术避免潜在通道堵塞,通过破乳技术改善微界面反应条件,开发用于特殊复杂环境的新型复合通道材料,为今后微反应系统的工业化设计和优化提供参考。

Microreaction technology can precisely control mixing time and reaction temperature,obtain highly reproducible results,and improve reaction efficiency.It is a suitable method for research and development of new chemical processes.Microreaction technology can be applied to homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction systems,especially suitable for processing high temperature,high pressure,strong exothermic reactions and flammable,explosive,toxic and harmful raw materials or intermediates.The recent researches on the application of microreaction technology in different homogeneous reactions are summarized in this review,including acid-catalyzed reactions,photochemical reactions,asymmetric catalytic reactions,other liquid-liquid phase and critical reactions.The main problems and related solutions of the current microreaction technology in engineering applications are presented.The key to simulating and developing new microchannel reaction systems lies in coordinating multi-scale interface strengthening effects,combining other enabling technologies to avoid potential channel blockages,improving microinterface reaction conditions through demulsification technology,and developing new composite channel materials for special and complex environments.The above provides a reference for the industrial design and optimization of the micro-reaction system in the future.