金融联系视角下粤港澳大湾区城市网络空间结构及其影响因素

Spatial Structure and Influencing Factors of Urban Network in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from the Financial Relationships Perspective

将粤港澳大湾区26家代表性银行的金融联系通过联锁网络模型转换为区县尺度的城市网络,运用社会网络分析和地理加权回归等方法,探讨大湾区城市网络的结构特征及作用机制。结果表明:1)环珠江口形成网络联系的高能量区,珠江东岸的金融联系水平整体较珠江西岸高,向外围空间的等级扩张具有连续性或渐进性;2)整体网络的集聚性和通达性良好,存在小世界性,广州天河、越秀及佛山南海、顺德等节点具有较高的等级性和接近性,同时也是粤港澳大湾区金融联系的重要中介。相比等级性和接近性在空间上的有序过渡,中介性的极化态势较为明显;3)大部分等级性高的节点有效规模和效率较高,具有结构洞优势,外围空间节点的限制度较大。网络主要依靠核心或次级核心子群的部分节点产生金融联系,边缘子群中大部分节点间的金融联系微弱;4)与粤港澳大湾区各节点总链接量呈负相关的变量有人口密度、经济发展水平及政府管控行为;呈现正相关的变量有交通便捷程度、社会消费水平;金融服务需求和对外开放程度与地区总链接量的关系复杂,具有双边效应。

As a typical representative of advanced producer services,banks can be used to characterize the spatial structure of urban networks through the headquarters-branch connections and the implied capital flow process,which can guide the exploration of financial market connectivity and coordinated regional development.In this paper,the financial linkages of 26 representative banks in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)were transformed from city scale to county scale urban network using the interlocking network model,and the structural characteristics and influencing mechanism of urban network are discussed using the Social Network Analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression model.The results show that:1)The Pearl River Estuary in the GBA is a dense area of financial linkages.The level of financial linkages on the east bank of the Pearl River is generally higher than that on the west bank of the Pearl River,and the hierarchical expansion to the peripheral space is continuous or progressive.2)The clustering and accessibility of the overall network perform well.The whole network presents a typical"small world"effect.Guangzhou Tianhe,Guangzhou Yuexiu,Foshan Nanhai,Foshan Shunde,and other nodes are of high gradability and proximity,and they are also important intermediaries for financial connections in the GBA.3)Most of the nodes with high gradability have higher effective scale and efficiency,and have the advantage of structural holes.The peripheral spatial nodes have a high restriction degree.The network mainly relies on some nodes in the core or sub-core subgroups to generate financial linkages,while the financial linkages among most nodes of the edge subgroup are weak.4)The variables negatively correlated with the total number of linkages are population density,economic development level,and government control behavior.The variables that are positively correlated with the total number of linkages are the degree of transportation convenience and social consumption ability.The relationship between the demand for financial services and the level of openness to the outside world and the total linkages is complex and has bidirectional effects.An additional contribution of this paper is as follows:1)The preference for location choice of APS enterprises represented by banks is higher for geographical agglomeration in local markets,and the financial relationship at the county scale is more important for the location choice of bank branches within cities.2)The differentiated urban network structure characteristics revealed by the heterogeneity of bank branches provide a reference value for the appeal of different types of bank branches.