社会性别视角下“家庭义务承担较多”司法认定的规则反思与厘定

Reflection and Reform of the Judicial Rules of Judging the Fulfilment of More Domestic Obligations by the Lens of Social Gender

在传统的性别分工思维模式下,女性是家务劳动的主要承担者。任何形式的劳动皆有其价值和贡献,而家务劳动的社会价值和经济价值都未被重视。夫妻财产和离婚补偿制度看似性别中立,却忽视了家庭分工中的性别差异。离婚诉讼中家务补偿定“性”裁“量”的司法实践中暴露出的诸多问题如认定标准模糊、涵盖范围过窄、补偿标准过低等,反映了对家务劳动付出和价值的轻视与不认可,本质上是社会性别主流化在家事审判实务层面的发展不足。从《中华人民共和国民法典》倡导的平等、和睦、文明的婚姻家庭关系出发,应在社会性别视角下理解家务劳动对应的货币属性和补偿制度设置的目的与功能,考察审判实务中的重难点问题,在现行离婚制度下完善家庭义务承担较多的认定条件和补偿标准。

Under the paradigm of gender division of labor,women take the major bulk of housework.All forms of labor have its values;however,the social value and economic performance of domestic labor are not properly respected and recognized.The matrimonial property and divorce compensation system seems to be gender neutral,but it ignores the gender differences in the division of labor in the family.Problems have been exposed in the judicial practice of household compensation in divorce proceedings,such as unclear criteria for identification,narrow range,the low level of compensation and so on.It reflects the society does not pay enough attention to the value of housework.The underlying cause is the inadequate development of the gender mainstreaming in the family justice practice.In marriage and family relations of“Equality,harmony and civilization”advocated by the civil code,it is necessary to understand the monetary attribute of domestic work and function of the compensation system,examine the difficult issues in judicial practice and improve the relevant regulations and rules.