民族旅游地村民旅游社会文化影响感知及差异——以西江苗寨为例

A study on villagers’perception of social-cultural impact of tourism in ethnic village and its difference:Taking Xijiang Miao Village as an example

旅游社会文化影响虽已成为学术界关注的焦点,但关于少数民族村寨旅游地村民对旅游发展的社会文化影响感知及其差异的研究还不充分。基于旅游发展中的贵州西江苗寨村民问卷调查数据,运用因子分析法探索村民对旅游社会文化影响的感知因素,评价其感知水平,运用多变量方差分析法比较村民的旅游社会文化影响感知的差异,并结合访谈数据解释其成因。结果表明:①西江苗寨村民对旅游社会文化影响的感知包括传统文化保护、社会关系改进、人居环境改进、社会结构改善、生活水平提升5个积极因素以及社会矛盾和婚姻问题2个消极因素;②西江苗寨村民在对旅游发展带来的人居环境改进感知、社会结构改善感知较高,对旅游发展带来的社会矛盾感知也较高;③旅游参与度越高(如中青年、旅游公司职员、靠旅游收入人员)或受影响越大(养蒿区、平寨区)的村民对积极影响的感知较高,同时对消极影响的感知也较高。最后,根据研究结果,提出了相应的对策建议。

Although the social and cultural impacts of tourism has become one of the focuses in tourism research,research on villagers’perception of the social and cultural impacts of tourism development and its differences among villagers in ethnic villages is still insufficient.This study analyzed the constructs of villagers’perception of the social and cultural impacts of tourism,and calculated villagers’overall level of perception,by using the survey data collected from the villagers in Xijiang Miao Village in Leishan County,Guizhou Province,where tourism is developing,and the factor analysis method.Then,multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the differences in the perception of among different group of villagers,and interviewing data were used to explain the differences.The results show that:①Villagers’perception of social and cultural impacts of tourism in Xijiang Miao Village is of five positive dimensions respectively in traditional culture protection,social relation improvement,settlement environment improvement,social structure improvement,and living standards improvement,and of two negative dimensions respectively in social conflicts and marriage problems;②Xijiang Miao Villagers as a whole perceive settlement environment improvement,social structure and social conflicts higher than other dimensions;③The more the villagers participate in tourism(such as young and middle-aged people,employees of tourism companies,those relying on tourism income)or the more the villagers are affected by tourism(those in Yanghao District and Pingzhai District),the higher their perception of both positive and negative impacts.Finally,according to these findings,some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.