炭基生物饼肥对土壤理化性状及烟草产质量的影响

Effects of Biochar-Substrate Cake Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality

为了种植出符合黄鹤楼品牌原料要求的高油分高香气中棵烟,研究以现有火土灰、饼肥为基础原料(以下简称火土饼肥),加入不同比例的矿源黄腐酸钾、碳基材料、氨基酸、糖类以及有增油增香作用的物质进行复配发酵,再加入功能微生物菌种,研制出一款新型炭基增油增香生物火土饼肥(下简称炭基生物饼肥),考察其对烟草产质量及土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:炭基生物饼肥可以改善土壤结构和肥力,促进烟叶生长,提高烤烟品质和产量,其中T3处理(火土饼肥∶矿源黄腐酸钾∶碳基材料∶氨基酸∶糖类∶增油增香物质=10∶8∶3∶3∶3∶3)能改良土壤结构,且烟株的农艺性状和化学成分含量表现最优,平均产量也最高;T2处理(配比为10∶6∶2∶2∶2∶2)在农艺性状方面表现居中,但其上等烟比例和均价最高,经济性状表现最优;3个不同肥料配比处理均能有效提高平均产量和产值。

In this study,a new biochar-substrate,oil-enhancing and fragrance-enhancing cake fertilizer suitable for growing highoil,strong-aroma and moderate-type tobaccos(Zhongkeyan)that meet the raw material requirements of"Huanghelou"brand was developed by composting with fired soil and cake fertilizer as substrate added different proportions of mineral source potassium fulvate,carbon-based materials,amino acids,saccharides,and oil-enhancing and fragrant-enhancing substances and by adding functional microbial strains.Furthermore,its effects on tobacco yield and quality and soil physicochemical properties were explored.The results showed that this fertilizer could improve soil structure and fertility,promote tobacco growth,and increase the quality and production of the flue-cured tobacco.Particularly,T3(fired soil and cake fertilizer:mineral source potassium fulvate:carbon-based materials:amino acids:saccharides:oil-enhancing and fragrant-enhancing substances=10∶8∶3∶3∶3∶3)performed the best in improving tobacco agronomic traits and chemical components,and soil structure,resulting in a highest increase of average tobacco yield.T2(10∶6∶2∶2∶2∶2)presented middling agronomic traits but the best economic traits,of which the proportion and average price of superior tobacco were the highest.The three proportions of fertilizer treatments can all effectively increase the average yield and output value.