2022年夏季高温干旱对湖南柑橘的影响

Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Hunan Citrus Production in the Summer of 2022

2022年我国南方地区遭受了有气象记录历史以来最严重的高温干旱天气,旱情的发展导致作物生长发育和经济林果生产受到严重影响。为此,湖南省柑橘产业技术体系柑橘栽培岗位专家团队于2022年7-10月分别赴全省多地调研柑橘受灾情况,指导各地采取有利措施积极抗旱,并对部分受灾果实品质进行了测定分析。结果表明:高温干旱对柑橘生长的影响主要表现在树叶萎焉、果实偏小且日灼严重、生长势弱等方面;不同柑橘品种的抗旱能力有所差异,早熟温州蜜柑受高温干旱影响最大;越早熟、果实越大的柑橘品种受此次旱情影响越大,日灼率和树体受损程度越高;内在品质方面,干旱主要影响柑橘果实的可溶性固形物和酸含量。根据调查结果从灌水与施水肥抗旱、土壤保湿降温处理、修剪与疏果、枝干包扎与涂白、病虫害防控5个方面提出了具体的抗旱措施。

In 2022,the southern region of China suffered the most severe hot and dry weather in the history of meteorological records.The development of drought had seriously affected the growth and development of crops and the production of economic trees and fruits.For this reason,the expert team of the citrus cultivation post in the technical system of Hunan citrus industry,from July to October,investigated multi-site situation of citrus disasters,guiding local governments to fight drought efficiently,meanwhile measured and analyzed the quality of drought-stricken fruits.The results showed that high temperature and drought resulted in withered leaves,small fruits,serious sunburn,and weak growth potential of citrus.The drought-resistant ability of different citrus varieties differed;the early-maturing Satsuma mandarin suffered the biggest attack;citrus varieties with earlier maturity and larger fruits were more affected by this drought,leading to higher sunburn rates and damage degrees of trees.As for internal quality,drought mainly affected soluble solids and acid contents of citrus fruits.According to the investigation results,specific drought-resistant measures were put forward from five aspects:irrigation and water manure application,soil moisture maintaining and cooling treatments,pruning and fruit thinning,branch dressing and whitening,and pest control.