老龄化背景下中国老年教育服务体系的解构与优化——基于政策文本的分析

Deconstruction and Optimization of China’s Elderly Education Service System in the Context of Aging:Based on the Policy Text Analysis

我国人口老龄化的程度正在进一步加深加快,老年教育是积极应对人口老龄化的重要方式,近年来得到国家和各地的普遍重视。老年教育法律法规集中体现了符合我国国情的老年教育推进方案,分析老年教育服务体系首先需要审视当前我国老年教育法律法规对老年教育工作的规定。为此,本文采用政策文本分析法,利用Nvivo对五省市的老年教育条例和两份国家政策文本进行了分析,详述了当前老年教育法规中对老年教育各个维度的规定。在此基础上,结合现有问题、老年教育特点和发展规律,从目标出发,对老年教育的组织和运行、发展保障进行了分析;提出了老年教育组织运行的结构框架,将老年教育服务体系分为行政体系、办学体系、为老服务体系和社会支持体系四个紧密关联的子体系,并对其体系优化的关键问题和运行保障措施进行了分析与建议。

With China’s aging process deepening and accelerating,elderly education,an important way to actively respond to aging,has been widely valued in recent years.Policies and regulations are representations of elderly education promotion scheme in line with current national conditions.It is necessary to examine policies and regulations at present in order to construct elderly education service system.By analyzing policy and regulation texts of elderly education in five provinces or cities using NVIVO,this article details provisions of current elderly education policies and regulations in various dimensions.Taking international experience,existing problems,characteristics and development policies of elderly education into consideration,elderly education service system is analyzed from three aspects:objective,organization and operation as well as development assurance.A framework of organization and operation of elderly education is put forward,which divides elderly education service system into four closely related subsystems:administrative system,school-running system,eldly service system and social support system.Lastly,key issues and operational support measures for system optimization are presented.