基于GIS的庆阳市苹果种植气候适宜性区划

Study on Climatic Suitability Zoning of Apple Planting in Qingyang City Based on GIS

利用庆阳市7县1区8个气象站1968—2020年气象资料,采用线性趋势分析、累积距平及GIS空间插值方法,对影响苹果种植的关键气候因子(年平均气温、6—8月平均最低气温、1月平均气温和年降水量)进行时空变化特征分析,结合苹果种植区划指标,研究庆阳市苹果种植气候适宜性区划。结果表明:庆阳市1968—2020年年平均气温、6—8月平均最低气温、1月平均气温显著升高,年降水量波动增加;空间分布受海拔高度影响,年平均气温和6—8月平均最低气温具有东北低西南高的特点,1月平均气温由南到北逐渐降低,年降水量随着海拔的降低而增加。苹果最适宜种植区为宁县大部、西峰南部、镇原东南部、合水西南部、庆城南部、正宁西部等海拔800~1 400 m的塬地和川地;适宜和次适宜种植区为西峰中北部、镇原西部、正宁大部、合水东北部和环县中南部、华池大部等地海拔1 400~2 000 m的山地及塬地;不适宜种植区是环县西部等地2 000 m以上的高海拔山地。

Based on the meteorological data of 8 meteorological stations in 7 counties and 1 district of Qingyang City from 1968 to 2020,using linear trend analysis,cumulative anomaly and GIS spatial interpolation methods,the spatio-temporal change characteristics of key climatic factors(annual average temperature,average minimum temperature in June August,average temperature in January and annual precipitation)affecting apple planting were analyzed,and the climatic suitability zoning of apple planting in Qingyang City was studied in combination with apple planting zoning indicators.The results show that the annual average temperature,the average minimum temperature from June to August,and the average temperature in January in Qingyang City from 1968 to 2020 have significantly increased,and the fluctuation of annual precipitation has increased;The spatial distribution is affected by the altitude.The annual average temperature was similar to the average minimum temperature from June to August,which is low in the northeast and high in the southwest.The average temperature in January decreases gradually from south to north,and the annual precipitation increases with the decrease of altitude.The most suitable planting areas for apples are tableland and Sichuan land with an altitude of 800~1400m,such as most of Ningxian County,the south of Xifeng,the southeast of Zhenyuan,the southwest of Heshui,the south of Qingcheng,and the west of Zhengning.The suitable and sub suitable planting areas are the mountains and tablelands with an altitude of 1400~2000m in the middle and north of Xifeng,the west of Zhenyuan,most of Zhengning.the northeast of Heshui,the middle and south of Huanxian County,and most of Huachi;The unsuitable planting area was the high altitude mountain area above 2000 m in the west of Huanxian County.