22份中国高粱主产区品种重要农艺性状控制基因利用分析

Analysis of the utilization of important agronomic trait⁃controlling genes in 22 sorghum commercial va⁃rieties in the main sorghum producing areas of China

[目的]育种是利用不同基因、不同等位基因的组合培育优良新品种的技术。在分子育种过程中,明确供体材料及被改良材料含有的不同功能单倍型基因是背景筛查重要内容。分析中国高粱主产区推广品种已经利用的不同单倍型功能基因对未来分子育种中基因的选择有重要的参考价值。[方法]本研究通过对中国高粱主产区推广的部分高粱品种进行已知重要农艺性状控制基因,包括株高、开花时间、糯性、单宁含量、耐铝毒、籽粒易消化等相关重要基因的等位基因分析,通过重要的功能位点分型,揭示出不同高粱主产区推广品种携带的不同性状控制基因,分析不同基因利用情况,为下一步的分子育种提供有利的等位基因。[结果]中国高粱主产区的22份推广品种中,糯高粱大多携带糯性控制基因wxa,wxc等位基因是西南地方酿酒优质糯高粱青壳洋和红缨子所利用的基因;开花期调控基因Ma1和Ma6的突变型利用较为广泛,所有品种都不携带Ma2和Ma3基因的突变型;株高控制基因纯合dw2和dw3突变基因、杂合型DW1/dw1是测试品种中常用基因型;仅龙米粱1号携带纯合tan1-b单宁基因型,部分品种为杂合tan1-b基因型;支链淀粉酶SbPUL基因中,仅龙杂17携带纯合RA型基因,通杂136和赤杂109为杂合型GD/RA,其余品种均为GD型;耐铝毒基因SbMate基本没有被利用。[结论]本研究分析了中国高粱主产区部分推广品种重要农艺性状控制基因携带情况,为将来高粱分子育种中不同等位基因的选择提供了重要参考依据。

[Objective]The essence of breeding is to use different genes and alleles to develop new varieties.During the process of molecular breeding,the identification of different functional haplotype genes in the donor and acceptor breeding materials is an important step in background gene screening.The analysis of different haplotype functional genes in commercial sorghum va⁃rieties grown in the main producing areas of China provided important reference values for gene selection in future molecular breeding.[Methods]In this study,commercial varieties grown in the main sorghum producing areas of China were collected,and the known genes related to plant height,flowering time,waxy,tannin content,aluminum tolerance,and digestibility of grain of the varieties were analyzed.To investigate the situation of important agronomic trait-controlling genes in sorghum,the functional sites of these genes were genotyped,which can provide useful gene haplotypes for molecular breeding.[Results]In the 22 commercial sorghum varieties from the main sorghum producing areas of China,most of waxy grain sorghums carried the wxa allele for waxy trait,while the wxc allele was detected in high-quality waxy varieties,such as Qingkeyang and Hongy⁃ingzi,for Baijiu production in Southwest China.Mutations of the flowering time regulating genes ma 1 and ma 6 were widely used,while none of the 22 varieties carried the mutation alleles of Ma 2 and Ma 3.Homozygous dw 2 and dw 3 mutant genes and the heterozygous DW 1/dw 1 genotype were commonly used in plant height control.Homozygous tan 1⁃b was only detected in the variety Longmiliang 1,and some varieties carried the heterozygous Tan 1/tan 1⁃b genotype.In the SbPUL gene for branching enzyme,only Longza 17 carried the homozygous RA allele,while Tongza 136 and Chiza 109 carried the heterozy⁃gous GD/RA allele,and the others carried all GD allele.The aluminum toxicity tolerance gene SbMate was basically not used in the tested varieties.[Conclusion]This study analyzed the carrying situation of important agronomic controlling genes in some promoted commercial varieties in the main sorghum producing areas of China,providing an important reference for the selection of different alleles in future molecular breeding of sorghum.