膜下水肥耦合模式对烤烟生长及产质量的影响

The Effect of Water-Fertilizer Coupling Mode under Film on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探索降雨分配与烤烟生长需水不协调地区适宜的水肥管理方式,通过大田试验,研究了膜下供水方式与起垄高度、施肥次数和肥料种类对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,与滴灌相比,斜5孔微喷处理灌水后土壤含水量显著提高,化学成分综合指标值增加22.50%~34.00%,香气质提高,感官评析综合得分提高2~4分,且显著降低用工成本,提高烟农收入;在标准垄高(32~35 cm)基础上提高起垄高度3~5 cm,可显著提高培土期的最大叶长和叶宽、烤烟产量、烟农收入,烟叶化学成分综合指标值有显著提高(p<0.05)。在高起垄和膜下微喷灌溉条件下,与分次施肥相比,一次性施肥并增施缓释型有机无机复混肥,能提高烟叶产量和中部烟叶化学成分综合指标值,分别增加3.42%~14.98%和34.04%~40.82%。综合而言,“膜下微喷+高垄深栽+免揭膜培土+缓释性有机无机复混肥”为四川广元降雨分布不均烟区适宜的水肥管理方式。

In order to explore the suitable water and fertilizer management in areas with incoordination between rainfall distribution and water demand for flue cured tobacco growth,field experiments were carried out to study the effects of water supply under film and ridging height,fertilization times and fertilizer types on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that,compared with drip irrigation,the soil water content of the inclined 5-hole micro spraying treatment was significantly increased,the comprehensive index value of chemical composition was increased by 22.50%-34.00%,the aroma quality was improved and the comprehensive score of sensory evaluation was increased by 2-4,which significantly reduced the labor cost and increased the income of tobacco farmers;Increasing the ridging height by 3-5 cm on the basis of standard ridge height(32-35 cm)could significantly increase the maximum leaf length and width,the yield of flue-cured tobacco,the income of tobacco farmers and the comprehensive index value of chemical composition of tobacco leaves(p<0.05).Under the conditions of high ridge and micro spray irrigation under plastic film,compared with fractional fertilization,for the treatments of one-time fertilization with increased slow release organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,tobacco yield and the comprehensive index value of chemical composition of middle tobacco was increased by 3.42%-14.98%and 34.04%-40.82%respectively.In summary,Micro spraying under film+deep planting in high ridge+no uncovering film and soil filling+slow-release organic-inorganic compound fertilizer was a suitable water and fertilizer management mode for tobacco areas with uneven rainfall distribution in Guangyuan,Sichuan.