氧化-生物双降解膜对土壤水热变化及烟株生长的影响

Effect of Uncovering and Applying Degradable Film on Soil Hydrothermal Changes and Flue-cured Tobacco Growth

为减轻烟田地膜覆盖产生的白色污染,通过田间对比试验探讨氧化-生物双降解地膜替代常规地膜的可行性。试验设置常规地膜不揭膜(CK0)、适时揭膜(CK1)、降解速度不同的氧化-生物降解膜A(T1)、B(T2)、C(T3)共5个处理,研究了降解膜的降解状况、膜下土壤水热变化、烤烟生长发育状况以及经济效益。结果表明,所有降解膜在烟株生育期内均全部降解,T3处理降解膜在烟株移栽后22 d和39 d进入开裂期和大裂解期,较T1、T2处理开裂时间晚,开裂程度低,移栽后0~35d,膜下土壤温度、含水量高于T1、T2处理,增温保墒效果接近于CK0;在移栽35d以后,与CK1相比,仍具有一定的保温效果;烟株长势以及经济效益均优于T1、T2,与CK0和CK1等同。综上,团棵期前开裂程度低、烟株生育期内能够全部降解的氧化-生物降解膜C替代常规地膜具有可行性。

In order to mitigate the white pollution caused by film cover in tobacco fields,a field plot experiment was conducted in 2018 to explore the feasibility of replacing conventional plastic film with oxo-biodegradation plastic film.Five treatments including conventional plastic film(CK0),timely uncovering treatments(CK1),oxo-biodegradable films A(T1),oxo-biodegradable films B(T2),oxo-biodegradable films C(T3)were set to investigate the effects of different mulching treatments(0-10 cm soil layer and 10-20 cm soil layer)on soil moisture,soil temperature,growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and its economic benefits.The results showed that all the degraded films were degraded during the tobacco growing period,and the degraded films of the T3 treatment entered the cracking and large cracking period 22 d and 39 d after transplanting,with later cracking time and lower cracking degree than those of the T1 and T2 treatments.0-35 d after transplanting,the soil temperature and water content under the degradation film of the T3 treatment were higher than those of the T1 and T2 treatments,and the effect of temperature and moisture conservation was close to that of the CK0.35 days after transplantation,the degraded film of the T3 treatment still had some insulation effect compared with CK1.Tobacco plant growth in different periods and economic benefits under the T3 treatment was better than that of the T1 and T2 treatments,and was similar to those under CK0 and CK1.Therefore,it is feasible to replace conventional mulch with degradable mulch that has a low degree of cracking before tobacco rosette stage leaves and can be fully degraded during the tobacco growing period.