不同恢复模式下露天采石矿废弃地生态修复研究

Effects of Different Patterns on Ecological Restoration in Open Pit Quarry Wasteland

以济南市马武寨山为试验地点,采用11个指标,通过主成分分析确定影响研究区水土环境的3个主要成分为土壤生态因子、微地形因子、土壤养分因子,利用3个主成分对不同植被修复模式下露天采石矿废弃地及自然山体的水土环境进行研究,分析生态修复效果及存在的问题。研究表明:(1)土层厚度、枯枝落叶层厚度、NDVI和植被类型是土壤生态因子的主要影响因素;微地形因子中坡度是决定土壤侵蚀强度的主要因素;土壤侵蚀造成了一定程度的养分流失。(2)露天采石矿废弃地生态修复中,可通过种植多种乔木、增加土层厚度及土壤中黏粒含量等措施改善区域土壤生态环境,降低坡度减弱土壤侵蚀强度。(3)植被人工修复区域的生态环境得到了改善,植被与土壤的良性循环演替已初步形成。

The Mawuzhai mountain in Jinan city is taken as the experimental site to analyze the water and soil environment conditions of open pit quarry wasteland and natural mountain under different vegetation restoration modes.By using 11 indicators and principal component analysis,it is determined that the three main components affecting the water and soil environment in the study area are soil ecological factors,micro topographic factors and soil nutrient factors.The three principal components are used to study the water and soil environment of the three types of areas,and to analyze the ecological restoration effect and existing problems.The results show that:(1)Soil layer thickness,litter thickness,NDVI and vegetation type are the main influencing factors of soil ecological factors.Slope is the main factor determining the intensity of soil erosion.Soil erosion caused nutrient loss to a certain extent.(2)In the ecological restoration of open pit quarry wasteland,measures such as planting a variety of trees,increasing the thickness of soil layer and clay content in soil can be taken to improve the regional soil ecological environment,and to reduce the slope to weaken the intensity of soil erosion.(3)The ecological environment of the artificial vegetation restoration area has been improved,and the succession of virtuous circle between vegetation and soil has initially formed.