数字普惠金融发展的跨经济体比较:指数编制与演变特征

A Cross-economy Comparison of Digital Inclusive Finance Development:Index Compilation and Evolution Characteristics

结合国际货币基金组织的金融可获得性调查数据和世界银行的世界发展指数相关数据编制了全球138个经济体2004—2019年的数字普惠金融覆盖广度、使用深度、服务质量三个维度的子指数和总指数并进行跨经济体比较。从总量特征来看,世界各经济体的数字普惠金融发展总体趋势稳步提升,其中使用深度指数的发展最为迅速,服务质量指数增速次之,覆盖广度指数增长最慢。从地区差异来看,数字普惠金融的发展程度存在较为明显的与经济发展水平相关的地区不平衡,发达经济体的数字普惠金融总体发展程度显著优于发展中经济体。从演变趋势来看,世界各经济体数字普惠金融总指数存在收敛,数字普惠金融的发展一定程度上缩小了世界不同收入水平经济体之间的金融服务“鸿沟”。

Based on the Financial Access Survey data of the International Monetary Fund and the World Development Index data of the World Bank,this paper compiled the sub-indices and aggregate indices of digital financial inclusion in 138 economies from 2004 to 2019 from the three dimensions of the coveragebreadth,the use of depth and the quality of service,and compared them by economies.From the perspective of aggregate characteristics,the overall development trend of digital inclusive finance in all economies in the world is steadily improving,among which the depth index is the fastest growing,the service quality index is the second fastest growing,and the coverage breadth index is the slowest growing.From the perspective of regional differences,the development degree of digital inclusive finance has obvious regional imbalance related to the level of economic development,and the overall development degree of digital inclusive finance in developed economies is significantly better than that in developing economies.From the perspective of the evolution trend,there is convergence in the total index of digital financial inclusion in the world.The development of digital financial inclusion has narrowed the financial service"gap"between economies with different income levels in the world to some extent.