基于保护动机理论的居住场所火灾应急准备行为研究

Study on Fire Emergency Preparedness Behavior in Residential Places Based on Protection Motivation Theory

为提高居民的风险防范意识与应急准备行为,降低居住场所火灾造成的人员伤亡和财产损失,本文采用基于保护动机理论设计的居民火灾应急准备行为调查问卷,从居住场所火灾应急准备行为与动机,威胁评估、应对评估与非保护反应2个方面,对普通居民进行调查。数据分析显示,当前居民对居住场所火灾的应对评估能促进其产生保护动机;居民应急准备的知识、能力不足,应对资源状况良好;居民的准备动机和实际准备行为之间存在缺口,准备行为存在较多不足。据此提出对策建议,包括关注“高威胁评估—低应对评估”人群;培育服务家庭火灾防范与应对的市场主体;加强消防宣传教育设计和完善社区及物业消防自查体系等策略,以提升居民居住场所火灾应急准备水平。

In order to improve residents'awareness of risk prevention and emergency preparedness behavior,and reduce the casualties and property losses caused by fires in residential places,in this paper,a questionnaire of residents'emergency preparedness behavior based on the theory of protective motivation was used to investigate ordinary residents from two aspects:emergency preparedness behavior and motivation,threat assessment,response assessment and non-protective response.The data analysis shows that the current residents'response assessment to residential fire can promote their protection motivation;The residents'knowledge and ability of emergency preparedness are insufficient,and the response resources are in good condition;There is a gap between residents'preparation motivation and actual preparation behavior,and there are many deficiencies in preparation behavior.Accordingly,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward:Focus on"high threat assessment-low response assessment"population;Cultivate market players who serve family fire prevention and response;Strengthen the design of fire protection publicity and education,and improve the self-inspection system of community and property fire protection,to improve the level of fire emergency preparedness in residential areas.