“慕谢始精文”——也论韦应物的诗歌渊源与风格

“Mu Xie Shi Jing Wen”--On the Origins and Style of Wei Yingwu’s Poems

韦应物不仅“慕陶”,也具有“慕谢”情结。韦应物对谢灵运诗歌艺术的汲取贯穿了其创作过程,韦、谢在家世背景、仕宦经历及佛道观念等方面的相似成为了韦应物在诗歌创作上学习大谢的重要基础;韦应物对陶渊明的师法有迹可循,但“效陶”并非韦应物诗歌创作的主导倾向,韦应物并非陶渊明人格的继承者;陶、谢诗歌本就具有一致性,均以崇尚自然为精神旨趣,这是后世对韦应物“效陶”“效谢”难以分辨的主要原因。韦应物在兼采陶、谢的基础上又融入了较强的个体意识,形成了“至淡而至浓”“至浅却至难”的诗歌风貌,因而能区别于大历诸子而自成一家,在中唐文坛独树一帜。

Wei Yingwu not only admired Tao Yuanming,but also admired Xie Lingyun.Wei Yingwu’s absorption of Xie Lingyun’s poetry art ran through his creation process.The similarity of Wei and Xie in family background,official experience and Buddhist and Taoist concepts has become an important basis for Wei Yingwu to learn from Xie Lingyun in poetry creation.There are traces of Wei Yingwu’s imitation to Tao Yuanming,but“imitating Tao”is not the dominant tendency of his poetry,and Wei is not the successor of Tao Yuanming’s personality either.Tao’s poems and Xie’s poems are consistent,both of which take advocating nature as their spiritual purport,which is the main reason why it is difficult to distinguish Wei Yingwu’s poetry origin.On the basis of adopting both Tao and Xie,Wei Yingwu integrated a strong individual consciousness,forming a poetic style of“the most light but the most thick”and“the most shallow but the most difficult”.Therefore,Wei Yingwu was able to distinguish himself from other poets in the Dali Period,and developed a school of his own in the literary world of the Middle Tang Dynasty.