间歇灌溉下不同生育时期施硅对水稻生长发育的影响

The Combined Effect of Silicon Fertilization and Intermittent Irrigation on Rice Growth and Development

【目的】探究间歇灌溉模式下不同生育时期施硅肥对水稻生长发育及产量的影响并确定适宜的施硅肥时期。【方法】选取“津原85”为研究对象,采用田间小区试验,在间歇灌溉模式下设6个施硅肥处理(不施硅肥(CK)、分蘖期施硅肥(F1)、拔节期施硅肥(F2)、孕穗期施硅肥(F3)、抽穗期施硅肥(F4)、扬花灌浆期施硅肥(F5))。研究间歇灌溉下不同处理对水稻生长性状及产量的影响。【结果】间歇灌溉下增施硅肥对水稻生长发育、产量及灌溉水分利用效率均具有促进作用,使水稻叶面积指数增长1.15%~11.36%,干物质量增长9.17%~24.24%,产量增长2.05%~8.63%,灌溉水分利用效率增长2.16%~8.63%。不同生育时期施硅肥对水稻的影响也不同,其中分蘖期施硅肥效果最佳。【结论】间歇灌溉模式下,通过增施硅肥可促进水稻生长发育,提高产量及灌溉水分利用效率;可将分蘖期作为间歇灌溉下“津原85”水稻适宜的施硅肥时期。

【Objective】Intermittent irrigation has become an important water-saving irrigation method to conserve water and improve rice yield in southern China.This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the combined effect of intermittent irrigation and silicon fertilization at different stages on rice growth and yield,to find the optimal timing for silicon fertilization.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field with the Jinyuan 85 variety used as the experimental plant.There were six silicon applications:no silicon fertilizer(CK),applying silicon fertilizer at tillering stage(F1),jointing stage(F2),booting stage(F3),heading stage(F4),or blooming and filling period(F5).Growth traits and yield of the rice in each treatment were measured.【Result】Silicon fertilizer application combined with intermittent irrigation not only promoted rice growth and development,but also improved its yield and water use efficiency.Compared with CK,silicon fertilization increased leaf area index,dry matter,yield,and irrigation water use efficiency of the rice by 1.15%to 11.36%,9.17%to 24.24%,2.05%to 8.63%,and 2.16%to 8.63%,respectively,depending on fertilization timing.The best effect was observed when the silicon fertilizer was applied at the tillering stage.【Conclusion】Combining intermittent irrigation with silicon fertilization can promote rice growth and development,thereby improving yield and irrigation water use efficiency of the rice.For the Jinyuan 85 variety studied in this paper,the optimal timing for silicon fertilization is at the tillering stage.