砾石对土壤水文过程影响研究进展与展望

Influence of Rock Fragments on Subsurface Hydrological Processes:Progresses and Perspectives

【目的】综述砾石对土壤水文过程影响,总结石质土壤水文过程研究存在的问题与挑战,展望未来研究方向。【方法】本文主要介绍了砾石结构(砾石覆盖度、砾石量、粒径等)对土壤入渗、径流、壤中流、优先流和水分蒸发等土壤水文过程的影响,并分析了目前用于模拟和定量表征砾石对土壤水文过程影响的数学模型研究进展。【结果】砾石对土壤水文过程的影响机制尚不明确,现有研究方法不能满足对砾石与土壤水文过程之间错综复杂关系的研究,土壤砾石结构的定量化、异质性及土壤水文参数的定量表达还未被纳入数学模型参数,缺乏多要素、多尺度的砾石水文过程模拟,没有准确可靠的尺度转换理论和方法,无法实现不同尺度上砾石和水文信息的转换。【结论】如何将新技术引入到研究中,更新研究方法、明确影响机理、丰富研究内涵、提高数据精度,是该研究要解决的关键问题;深层土壤中的砾石特征及其对壤中流和优先流的影响研究、不同尺度上砾石和水文信息的转换以及多尺度数学模型的建立是未来研究的重要方向。

【Objective】Rock fragments are ubiquitous in soil,especially in arid and semi-arid regions.They have a considerable influence on various subsurface hydrological processes.Understanding the impact of rock fragments on these processes is crucial for improving water resource management,ecosystem restoration and sustainable development.【Method】This paper reviews the research over the past decades on the influence of rock fragments on subsurface hydrological processes,highlighting the challenges and limitations we currently face and proposing potential research perspectives.Specifically,we analyze the effects of characteristic parameters of rock fragments,such as their coverage,content,and size,on water infiltration,surface runoff and subsurface flow,preferential flow and soil evaporation.We also review progress in mathematical models used to simulate and quantify the effects of rock fragments on subsurface hydrological processes.【Result】Our review reveals that the mechanisms underlying the influence of rock fragments on subsurface hydrological processes remain obscure,and current methods are unable to capture the complex causal relationship between rock fragments and soil hydrological processes.Areas such as quantification of rock fragment heterogeneity and its association with soil hydrological parameters,multi-scale modelling of soil hydrological processes are still in the infant stage and require further work.【Conclusion】We propose that developing innovative technologies and methodologies,and improving understanding of the underlying mechanisms are particularly important in future research.Specifically,future research should focus on characterizing rock fragments in deep soil and their influence on hydrological process and formation of preferential flow,methods to link gravel content to hydrological information at different scales.Improving research in these areas will advance our in-depth understanding of the impact of rock fragments on soil hydrological processes,helping develop sustainable water resource management in arid and semi-arid regions.