侧向过岔时轮径差对高速车辆动力学性能的影响

Effects of wheel diameter difference on dynamic performance of high-speed vehicle during passing through turnout laterally

轮径差的出现会影响高速车辆通过道岔时的动态性能,尤其是侧向过岔的情况。为进一步揭示其影响规律,本文以高速车辆和18号高速道岔为例,建立车辆—道岔耦合动力学模型,分析不同轮径差下高速车辆以80 km/h侧向过岔时的动力学特性。结果表明,大轮径位于尖轨侧时,等值同相轮径差会减小轮轨横向力和车体横向加速度;大轮径位于基本轨侧时,等值反相轮径差会增大高速车辆侧向过岔时的脱轨系数和轮重减载率。由于实际运营中高速车辆轮径差类型不确定,应尽量避免轮径差超过1 mm,以确保高速车辆侧向过岔时的安全性与平稳性不受影响;尖轨侧车轮轮径大于基本轨侧时车轮磨耗加剧,故应避免此类情况发生,以延长车轮和钢轨的寿命。

Appearance of wheel diameter difference can affect dynamic performance of high-speed vehicle during passing through turnout,especially,passing turnout lateTally.Here,to further study its affecting laws,taking a highspeed vehicle and a No.18 high-speed turnout as an example,a vehicle-turnout coupled dynamic model was established,and dynamic characteristics of high-speed vehicle were analyzed when it passing through turnout laterally at the speed of 80 km/h under different wheel diameter differences.The results showed that when large wheel diameter is located at switch rail side,equal value in-phase wheel diameter differences can reduce wheel-rail lateral force and vehicle body lateral acceleration;when large wheel diameter is located at stock rail side,equal value antiphase wheel diameter differences can increase derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate of high-speed vehicle when passing turnout laterally;as type of wheel diameter difference of high-speed vehicle is uncertain in actual operation,wheel diameter difference should not exceed 1 mm as far as possible to ensure safety and stability of high-speed vehicle when passing turnout laterally;when wheel diameter at switch rail side is larger than that at stock rail side,wheel wear increases,so this kind of situation should be avoided to prolong service lives of wheel and rail.