疫情防控中的公民道德责任反思——基于公共健康伦理视角

Reflection on Civic Moral Responsibility in Epidemic Prevention and Control from the Perspective of Public Health Ethics

从公共健康伦理角度来看,公民在维护公共健康上有个体、社会、国家三个层面的道德责任。疫情防控中,公民履责面临个体自由与政府干预、个体健康与抗击疫情、个体需求满足与社会公平、个体履责与机制障碍等个体权利与公共善之间的伦理冲突。针对这些伦理冲突,应从国家、政府、社会、公民四个层面精准举措,国家建立健全公共健康道德法律规范与应急机制、政府强化公共健康价值引导与应急能力、社会提高公共健康伦理认知与实践水平、公民正确认知公共健康中个人权利与公共善之间的关系,对于消除公民履责障碍、营造良好履责环境有重要意义。

Public health ethics considered that citizens have moral responsibilities at three levels of individual,society and nation in maintaining public health.In the epidemic prevention and control,civic responsibility performing faces ethical conflicts between individual rights and public good,such as individual freedom and government intervention,individual health and anti-epidemic,individual need satisfaction and social equity,individual responsibility performing and mechanism barriers.In response to these ethical conflicts,precise measures should be taken from the four levels of the country,government,society and citizens:the state should establish and improve legal norms and emergency mechanism of public health ethics,the government should strengthen public health value guidance and emergency capability,the society should improve the cognition and practice level of public health ethics,and citizens should correctly recognize the relationship between individual rights and public good in public health.It is of great significance for removing obstacles for citizens to fulfill their responsibilities and creating a good environment to fulfill their responsibilities.