考虑缺失风险的连续消耗型应急物资调度优化研究

Stuey on Scheduling Optimization of Continuous Consumable Emergency supplies Considering Missing Risk

在灾害事故应急物资调度过程中,连续消耗型应急物资在补给中断时存在缺失风险。为降低事故应急物资缺失风险,提出应考虑应急物资缺失风险来研究连续消耗型应急物资调度优化问题。首先设计了具有两层物资调度结构的应急物流网络,分析了应急物流网络特征,界定了应急物资调度优化内容。其次,考虑应急物资补给的模糊性,采用三角模糊数表示应急物资需求,以调度总成本最小和应急物资缺失风险最小为目标,在考虑应急物资补给、应急物资中心和应急配送站的能力限制等约束条件下,构建了连续消耗型应急物资调度多目标优化模型。然后,根据模型特点设计了求解方法,模型求解时先将非线性模糊目标函数逆模糊化和线性转化,然后用多目标优化方法进行求解。将应急物资调度优化模型分解为调度子问题和配送子问题,并采用分阶段求解模式进行了求解。算法的第1阶段采用遗传算法单独求解应急物资调度子问题的最优方案,算法的第2阶段采用遗传-模拟退火算法单独求解应急物资配送子问题的最优方案。最后,设计了算例对所建立的优化模型进行了验证。结果表明:相较于传统的以损失费用最小为目标的应急物资调度模型,本模型求出的方案能明显降低总成本和总物资缺失风险。

In the process of emergency material scheduling after disaster and accident,there is a risk of material loss when the supply of continuous consumable emergency materials is interrupted.In order to reduce the risk of emergency supplies shortage,it is proposed that the risk of emergency supplies shortage should be considered to study the optimization of continuous consumable emergency supplies scheduling.First,the emergency logistics network with two-layer material scheduling structure is designed,the characteristics of emergency logistics network are analyzed,and the optimization content of emergency material scheduling is defined.Second,considering the fuzziness of emergency supplies,using the triangular fuzzy number to represent the demand for emergency supplies,with the goal of minimizing the total scheduling cost and the risk of missing emergency supplies,the multi-objective optimization model of continuous consumption emergency supplies scheduling is constructed under the constraints of emergency supplies supply,emergency supplies center and emergency distribution station.Then,a solution method is designed according to the characteristics of the model.When solving the model,the nonlinear fuzzy objective function is first inversely fuzzified and linearly transformed,and the multi-objective optimization method is used to solve it.The emergency material scheduling optimization model is decomposed into scheduling subproblem and distribution subproblem,which are solved in phased solution mode.In the first stage of the algorithm,the optimal solution of the subproblem of emergency supplies scheduling is solved solely by using genetic algorithm.In the second stage of the algorithm,the optimal solution of the subproblem of emergency supplies distribution solely by using genetic-simulated annealing algorithm.Finally,an example is designed to verify the optimization model.The result shows that compared with the traditional emergency supplies scheduling model with the goal of minimizing the cost of loss,the scheme obtained by this model can significantly reduce the total cost and the risk of total supplies shortage.