2022年全球多国霍乱疫情风险评估

Risk Assessment of Multi-country Outbreak of Cholera in 2022

目的霍乱是我国口岸重点防控的传染病。2022年,全球霍乱疫情影响范围广,病例数量显著超过去年。自2023年1月8日起,新型冠状病毒感染不再纳入我国检疫传染病管理,取消了对入境旅客的相关检疫要求。在此情况下,评估霍乱病例输入我国并进一步引起本土传播的风险,为口岸疫情防控工作提供决策参考。方法根据世界卫生组织发布的霍乱疫情信息、影响霍乱传播的影响因素,以及既往病例输入情况,定性评估病例输入我国并进一步引起本土传播的风险。结果受自然灾害、医疗物资匮乏和人道主义危机等因素影响,霍乱疫情进一步扩散蔓延的风险极高。有症状的病例在入境我国时能够被及时发现和处置,但不排除轻症病例和带菌者输入的可能性。结论霍乱病例输入我国并进一步引起本土传播的风险高。口岸需加强疫情监测,做好入境人员卫生检疫及口岸区域饮用水和食品卫生监督,防止疫情输入和输入后进一步传播。

Objective Cholera is a key infectious disease to be prevented and controlled at Chinese border ports.In 2022,cholera spread widely with the number of cases significantly higher than previous year.Since January 8,2023,COVID-19 has been excluded in the management of quarantinable infectious diseases and quarantine requirements on inbound travelers has been cancelled.In order to provide guidance for the prevention and control of cholera at Chinese border ports,the risk of cases importing into China and leading to local transmission was assessed.Methods The risk was qualitatively assessed based on the epidemic information reported by the World Health Organization,combined with the factors affecting the spread of cholera and cases importation in history.Results Affected by multiple factors including natural disasters,lack of medical supplies and humanitarian crises,the risk of further spread of cholera epidemic is very high.Symptomatic cases could be identified and managed in a timely manner upon entry into China,but the possibility of mild cases and carriers importation cannot be ruled out.Conclusion The risk of cholera cases importing into China and leading to local transmission is high.It is essential to strengthen the surveillance for cholera at Chinese border ports,and health quarantine of entry personnel and supervision of drinking water and food hygiene at port areas should be carried out to prevent the importation and further transmission of cholera in China.