林下菌种越冬茬种植技术分析——以林下羊肚菌为例

Analysis on Planting Techniques of Undergrowth Fungi in Winter——Taking Morchella esculenta as an Example

为达成优化林下羊肚菌越冬茬种植技术质量、提升羊肚菌经济效益、加强区域林业产业发展等目的,采用理论与实践相结合的研究方式,以宣威市野生羊肚菌林下分布范围为基础,结合云南宣威冬季种植条件,对林下羊肚菌越冬茬种植技术流程、种植技术要点、病虫害防治措施等进行了研究。结果表明:云南省宣威市冬季温差波动大、羊肚菌种植与生长环境不稳定、越冬难度大。为此,提出了以下建议:①应完善云南宣威羊肚菌种植技术流程;②优化羊肚菌播种前、播种阶段、播种后种植技术;③构建科学化的羊肚菌越冬茬种植机制与采摘、加工、储存机制;④落实病虫害防治措施。以此来促进云南宣威林下羊肚菌稳定越冬,提升羊肚菌生产效益、创新当地林业生产与经济发展格局。

The paper aims to achieve the purpose of optimizing the planting quality of Morchella esculenta,improve the economic benefits of Morchella esculenta and strengthen the development of regional forestry industry.Based on the distribution range of Morchella esculenta forest in a forest farm in Xuanwei City,combined with winter planting conditions in Xuanwei City,Yunnan province,the planting technology process,key points of planting technology,disease and pest control measures of over wintering Morchella esculentaunder the forest were studied by combining theory with practice.The results show that the temperature difference fluctuated greatly in Quwei,Yunnan province in winter;the planting and growing environment of Morchella esculenta was unstable,and the overwintering was difficult.Suggestions:①the planting process of cultivation in Yunnan Xuanwei should be improved;②the planting technology before sowing stage and after planting should be optimized;③scientific planting mechanism and picking,processing and storage mechanism should be constructed;④pest control measures should be implemented.Based on this,it promotes the stable overwintering of Morchella esculenta in Xuanwei Linxia,Yunnan province,improves the production efficiency of Morchella esculenta,and innovates the local forestry production and economic development patterns.