基于投入产出法的多种交通方式生产要素测度

Measurement of Production Factors of Various Transportation Modes Based on Input-Output Method

首先根据2017年国家投入产出表定量测算了铁路、公路、水路、民航运输业的投入产出率,发现铁路、水路相对公路、民航来说投入产出效率低.其次,选取固定资产投资、行业就业人数作为投入要素,交通运输业增加值作为产出要素,使用DEA-BCC模型对我国2013—2017年综合运输投入要素配置效率进行测度与优化,结果表明,纯技术效率与规模效率对不同运输方式贡献大小不同,固定资产投资相对行业就业人数配置更有效.

This paper first quantitatively calculates the input-output ratio of railways,highways,waterways,and civil aviation transportation based on the 2017 National Input-Output Table,and finds that railways and waterways have low input-output efficiency compared with highways and civil aviation.Second,this paper selects fixed asset investment and industry employment as input factors,transportation industry added value as output factors,and uses the DEA-BCC model to measure and optimize the configuration efficiency of comprehensive transportation input factors in China from 2013 to 2017.The results show that pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have different contributions to different modes of transportation,and fixed asset investment is more effective than employment allocation in the industry.