多中心肺炎克雷伯菌腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的临床转归及治疗失败的危险因素

Clinical Outcome and Risk Factors of Treatment Failure of Peritoneal Dialysis Associated Peritonitis Caused by Klebsiella Pneumoniae:A Multicenter Study

目的分析肺炎克雷伯菌腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(PDAP)的治疗结果、预后及治疗失败的危险因素,为肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP的防治提供临床证据。方法回顾性收集2014年1月1日至2019年12月31日在4个腹膜透析中心随访的PDAP患者临床资料,通过比较肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP与大肠埃希菌PDAP,观察两组患者治疗结果及预后。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制技术失败的生存曲线。采用多因素Logistic回归分析肺炎克雷伯菌PADP治疗失败的危险因素。结果4个腹膜透析中心586例患者发生1034例次PDAP,其中肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP 21例次,大肠埃希菌PDAP 98例次。肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP发生率为0.0048次/患者年。2014至2019年肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP发生率在0.0024~0.0124次/患者年。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线后显示,肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP的技术失败率较大肠埃希菌PDAP更高(P=0.022)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示长透析龄是肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP当次治疗失败的独立危险因素(OR=1.082,95%CI=1.011~1.158,P=0.023)。对肺炎克雷伯菌敏感率最高的5种抗生素是阿米卡星、美罗培南、亚胺培南、哌拉西林、头孢替坦,均为100%,耐药率最高的依次是氨苄西林(81.82%)、头孢唑林(53.33%)、四环素(50.00%)、头孢噻肟(43.75%)、氯霉素(42.86%)。结论肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP的预后较大肠埃希菌PDAP差,且长透析龄是肺炎克雷伯菌PDAP治疗失败的独立危险因素。

Objective To investigate the treatment outcomes,prognosis,and risk factors of treatment failure of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis(PDAP)caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae,and thus provide clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of this disease.Methods The clinical data of PDAP patients at four peritoneal dialysis centers from January 1,2014 to December 31,2019 were collected retrospectively.The treatment outcomes and prognosis were compared between the patients with PDAP caused by Klebsiella.pneumoniae and that caused by Escherichia coli.Kaplan-Meier method was employed to establish the survival curve of technical failure,and multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the risk factors of the treatment failure of PADP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.Results In the 4 peritoneal dialysis centers,1034 cases of PDAP occurred in 586 patients from 2014 to 2019,including 21 cases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and 98 cases caused by Escherichia coli.The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was 0.0048 times per patient per year on average,ranging from 0.0024 to 0.0124 times per patient per year during 2014-2019.According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve,the technical failure rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was higher than that of Escherichia coli caused PDAP(P=0.022).The multivariate Logistic regression model showed that long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP(OR=1.082,95%CI=1.011-1.158,P=0.023).Klebsiella pneumoniae was highly sensitive to amikacin,meropenem,imipenem,piperacillin,and cefotetan,and it was highly resistant to ampicillin(81.82%),cefazolin(53.33%),tetracycline(50.00%),cefotaxime(43.75%),and chloramphenicol(42.86%).Conclusion The PDAP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae had worse prognosis than that caused by Escherichia coli,and long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP.