2型糖尿病相关射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者心脏结构功能特点:基于倾向性评分匹配的分析

Cardiac Structural and Functional Features in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction:A Study Based on Propensity Score Matching

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)相关射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)患者心脏结构功能的特点,并分析其影响因素。方法连续入选2009年4月至2020年12月兰州大学第一医院老年心血管科收住的新诊断HFpEF患者783例,应用超声心动图和组织多普勒技术系统评价心脏结构功能,根据是否合并T2DM将其分为HFpEF+T2DM组(n=332)和HFpEF组(n=451),采用倾向性评分匹配方法进行1∶1匹配,HFpEF+T2DM组、HFpEF组各成功匹配264例;根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER),将配对后的HFpEF+T2DM组进一步分为尿蛋白正常组(UAER<20μg/min)、微量蛋白尿组(UAER 20~200μg/min)和大量蛋白尿组(UAER>200μg/min)3个亚组。比较不同组间合并症、病情严重程度以及心脏结构功能的差异,采用多元线性回归分析血压、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、UAER等指标与心脏结构功能损害的关系。结果HFpEF+T2DM组高血压(P=0.001)、冠心病(P=0.036)患病率高于HFpEF组,体重指数(P=0.005)大于而年龄(P=0.020)小于HFpEF组,糖尿病病程10(3,17)年。采用倾向性评分匹配后两组年龄和合并症比例接近,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);HFpEF+T2DM组室间隔厚度(P=0.015)、左心室后壁厚度(P=0.040)、左心室质量(P=0.012)均大于HFpEF组,舒张早期二尖瓣环室间隔部(P=0.030)及侧壁部(P=0.011)运动速度小于HFpEF组,二尖瓣早期充盈速度与二尖瓣环舒张早期速度比值大于HFpEF组(P=0.036);糖化血红蛋白与左心室质量独立相关(P=0.011),尿白蛋白排泄率自然对数值与反映心脏结构功能的室间隔厚度(P=0.004)、左心室后壁厚度(P=0.006)、左心室质量(P<0.001)、二尖瓣舒张早期最大充盈速度与二尖瓣舒张早期最大速度比值(P=0.049)独立相关。结论T2DM相关HFpEF患者左心室室壁更厚,左心室质量更大,向心性重塑更明显,左心室舒张功能减退及充盈压升高更严重,上述改变可能与高血糖及糖尿病微血管病变有关。

Objective To investigate the cardiac structural and functional characteristics in the patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and predict the factors influencing the characteristics.Methods A total of 783 HFpEF patients diagnosed in the Department of Geriatric Cardiology,the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from April 2009 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study.Echocardiography and tissue Doppler technique were employed to evaluate cardiac structure and function.According to the occurrence of T2DM,the patients were assigned into a HFpEF+T2DM group(n=332)and a HFpEF group(n=451).Propensity score matching(PSM)(in a 1∶1 ratio)was adopted to minimize confounding effect.According to urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),the HFpEF+T2DM group was further divided into three subgroups with UAER<20μg/min,of 20-200μg/min,and>200μg/min,respectively.The comorbidities,symptoms and signs,and cardiac structure and function were compared among the groups to clarify the features of diabetes related HFpEF.Multivariate linear regression was conducted to probe the relationship of systolic blood pressure,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,and UARE with cardiac structural and functional impairment.Results The HFpEF+T2DM group had higher prevalence of hypertension(P=0.001)and coronary heart disease(P=0.036),younger age(P=0.020),and larger body mass index(P=0.005)than the HFpEF group,with the median diabetic course of 10(3,17)years.After PSM,the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease,body mass index,and age had no significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).In addition,the HFpEF+T2DM group had higher interventricular septal thickness(P=0.015),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(P=0.040),and left ventricular mass(P=0.012)and lower early diastole velocity of mitral annular septum(P=0.030)and lateral wall(P=0.011)than the HFpEF group.Compared with the HFpEF group,the HFpEF+T2DM group showed increased ratio of early diastolic mitral filling velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity(E/e’)(P=0.036).Glycosylated hemoglobin was correlated with left ventricular mass(P=0.011),and the natural logarithm of UAER with interventricular septal thickness(P=0.004),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(P=0.006),left ventricular mass(P<0.001),and E/e’ratio(P=0.049).Conclusion The patients with both T2DM and HFpEF have thicker left ventricular wall,larger left ventricular mass,more advanced left ventricular remodeling,severer impaired left ventricular diastolic function,and higher left ventricular filling pressure than the HFpEF patients without T2DM.Elevated blood glucose and diabetic microvascular diseases might play a role in the development of the detrimental structural and functional changes of the heart.