洛阳北窑西周墓出土青铜器科技分析研究

A technological study of the bronze objects discovered at the Beiyao Western Zhou cemetery in Luoyang

本文对洛阳北窑西周墓地出土青铜器进行科技分析。结果表明,北窑墓地出土西周铜器的锡料用量与殷墟二期铜器相当,其锡料来源充足,暗示西周早期,周贵族能够控制和使用稳定的锡料矿源;铅同位素比值基本上都属于普通铅的范畴,其与部分殷墟青铜器铅同位素比值重叠在一起,表明北窑墓地铜器与部分殷墟铜器的制作使用了相同矿料,说明商代晚期殷人开发利用的部分矿料到了西周早期开始大规模开采使用。研究还表明,西周时期金属矿料流通是普遍的、常态化的社会行为,是当时社会生产中最重要的物流实体。

This article presents a technological analysis of the bronze artifacts excavated from the Western Zhou Dynasty cemetery at Beiyao,Luoyang.The results show that the tin content in the Western Zhou bronze artifacts from the Beiyao cemetery is comparable to that of the bronze artifacts from the Yinxu Phase II,indicating that the Western Zhou nobles were able to control and use stable tin sources in the early Western Zhou period.The lead isotope ratios of the artifacts are mostly within the range of ordinary lead,and some overlap with the lead isotope ratios of some bronze artifacts from Yinxu,suggesting that some of the minerals exploited by the late Shang people were also exploited on a large scale in the early Western Zhou period.The study also shows that the circulation of metal minerals was a common and normalized social behavior during the Western Zhou period and was the most important logistical entity in social production at that time.