低收入家庭子女的义务教育结果公平:总体趋势与政策建议

The Equity of Compulsory Education Results of Children from Low-income Families:Overall Trend and Policy Proposal

文章利用中国教育追踪调查追访数据,采用均值对数偏差指数、泰尔指数和基尼系数的测量指标,实证刻画了低收入家庭子女义务教育结果公平的现状,研究结果表明:(1)不同收入家庭子女的义务教育结果表现存在一定的差异,家庭经济状况对于义务教育结果表现的影响具有一定的延续性;(2)不同收入家庭子女的义务教育结果表现相对公平,但家庭是否陷入“贫困”状态对于义务教育结果表现的影响随学年的深入逐步扩大;(3)不同家庭收入水平、性别、户籍、民族学生的义务教育结果表现差异主要是由组内因素所决定的,但组间因素的影响效应同样随学年的深入而扩大。

Based on the data of CEPS,this paper uses the measurement indexes of MLD,Theil and Gini coefficient to empirically depict the current situation of the fairness of compulsory education results of children from low-income families.It was supported that:(1)The results of compulsory education of children from families with different incomes are different.The influence of Family economic condition on the performance of compulsory education results has a certain continuity;(2)The results of compulsory education of children from different families are relatively fair,while the impact of low family income on the results of compulsory education is gradually expanding with the deepening of the school year;(3)The difference of the results of compulsory education between different income families,gender,registered residence and ethnic minority students is mainly determined by the factors within the group,while the effect of the inter group factors also expands with the deepening of the school year.