在课堂上拥有新生命——杜威生命教育观探析

Have a New Life in the Schoolroom--An Analysis of Dewey's View on Life Education

生命教育观是美国教育家杜威实用主义教育思想体系的一个重要部分,也是以杜威为代表的现代教育思想和传统教育思想两者之间的一个首要的和根本的区别。作为一位生命教育家,杜威强调儿童生命是作为一个整体而发展的,它是一个连续的自然过程,既包括身体的发展,也包括心灵的发展;主张教育目的应该是儿童生命的发展,也就是最大限度地发展个体的潜能,因而不要在教育过程外去寻找目的;指出学校教育造成的众多浪费中,居于首位的是对儿童生命的浪费,因此教师既要认识他们在学校课堂上拥有新生命,也要注重儿童生命发展中的个性需求。

Life education is an important part of American educator Dewey's pragmatic educational thought system,which is also the primary and fundamental difference between the modern educational thought represented by Dewey and the traditional educational thought.As an educator who focuses on the philosophy of life,Dewey emphasizes that children's life is developed as a whole.And it is a continuous natural process,including both physical development and spiritual development.He advocates that the purpose of education should be developing children's lives,which means developing each child's potential to the greatest extent.This requires looking for the purpose inside the education process,not the outside.He also points out that among the many wastes caused by school education,the major one is the waste of children's lives.Therefore,teachers must not only recognize that students have a new life in the schoolroom,but also pay attention to the individual needs of children in their development.