清代科举制义的“经学”书写

The Writing of Confucian Classics in Eight-legged Essay in Qing Dynasty

清代科举制义的“经学”书写,可以从制义的经学属性溯源、经学书写的多途经学面向、清代经学生态等三方面作综合分析。制义是经学注疏外化的表现形式,经学则是制义最基本的属性。以注疏、考据、公羊学为制义,不仅使制义出现了否定自身的动向,而且反哺经学,两者源流同贯,孳乳相生。制义话语融于经学语境,淡化与消解了“代圣贤立言”的立场,由纯粹的文学性转变为经学创作,改变了以经作传,以传作注,以注作疏的学究式书写,凸显出经学嬗变过程中的自我创新和自我肯定,为传统经学注入了新的时代因素,推动了经学的顺畅传播,是科举取士时代背景下经学研究新的形态,昭示了清代经学之所以鼎盛的另一个重要源头。

The writing of Confucian classics in the Eight-legged Essay of the imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty can be comprehensively analyzed from the following three aspects:the origin of its Confucian classics attribute,the triple orientation of Confucian classics and the ecology of Confucian classics in Qing Dynasty.The Eight-legged Essay was the manifestation of externalization of Confucian classics which was the fundamental attribute of the Eight-legged Essay.The Eight-legged Essay containing annotation,textual research and studies of Commentaries of Gongyang,not only made it appear the trend of denying themselves,but also nurtured the Confucian classics,both of which had the same origin and development.The discourse of Eight-part Essay is integrated into the context of Confucian classics,which diluted and dispelled the position of standing on behalf of sages and changes from pure literariness to Confucian classics creation.It changed the academic writing style of classics and annotation,which highlighted the self-innovation and self-affirmation in the evolution of Confucian classics and injected new era factors into traditional Confucian classics and promoted the communication of Confucian classics.The Eight-legged Essay is the new facet of the study of Confucian classics in the period of imperial examination and another origin of the boom of the Confucian classics in Qing Dynasty.It is the indispensable theme of non-mainstream classics data in the study of Qing Dynasty academic.