从“Vernehmen”到“觉知”的多重语际翻译:论海德格尔存在论诠释学对形而上学先验意义的解构

The Multi-interlingual Translation from“Vernehmen”to“觉知”:On the Deconstruction of the Transcendental Meaning of Metaphysics by Martin Heidegger’s Ontological Hermeneutics

在西方诠释学的发展逻辑上,形而上学传统作为对世界本源的意义统摄,为现象界及其道德秩序的构成设定了先验的终极意义。海德格尔存在论诠释学所拒斥的标靶,是对源发于巴门尼德“εῖναι”(Sein/存在)的先验意义给予解构。在《存在与时间》之后,海德格尔于《同一与差异》中的多篇文章进一步论述了他的存在论诠释学思想,以深化地讨论“Sein”与“Dasein”(此在)照面意义所界分的同一性与差异性。海德格尔在翻译巴门尼德那句著名的古希腊文箴言时,把其中的“νοεῖν”德译为“Vernehmen”,并以“Denken”-“思想(思)”作为同位语给予意义的限定性解释,以充分求证了“νοεῖν”“Vernehmen”“Denken”这三个概念在意义上的同一性。国内学者又把“Vernehmen”汉译为“觉知”,而“觉知”则是一个来自佛经《阿毗达摩大毗婆沙论》翻译的汉语译入语概念。事实上,“Vernehmen”与“觉知”是两个不同的文化荷载词,后者对前者的翻译是译者在自觉的误译中呈现出意义改写的创造性。需要提醒文学阐释学研究者注意的是,海德格尔存在论诠释学所照面的对象,是本体界与现象界之间具有同一性或差异性的意义,而不是文本,尤其不是文学文本及其审美意义。

Throughout the development of Western hermeneutics,the metaphysical tradition,which dominates the meaning of the origin of the world,makes the ultimate transcendental meaning for covering the phenomenal world as well as the constitution of its moral order.The target of Martin Heidegger’s ontological hermeneutics is the transcendental meaning of“εἶναι”(Sein/Being)originated from Parmenides of Elea.After Sein und Zeit,Heidegger further discussed his ontological hermeneutics in several articles in Identität und Differenz,in order to explore the identity and difference between the meanings of“Sein”and“Dasein”.While translating Parmenides’famous ancient Greek proverb into German,Heidegger rendered“νοεῖν”into“Vernehmen”,and he took“Denken”/“thinking”as an apposition to give the limited interpretation of meaning to prove the identity of the three concepts,“νοεῖν”,“Vernehmen”and“Denken”.However,Chinese scholars have translated“Vernehmen”into“觉知”,a Chinese concept derived from the Buddhist sutras Abhidharma MahāvibhāṣāŚāstra.In reality,“Vernehmen”and“觉知”are two very different culturally-loaded words.Translations of these two concepts show creativity of rewriting through mistranlation.It is necessary to remind researchers who engage in the study of literary hermeneutics that what Heidegger’s ontological hermeneutics focuses on is the meaning of identity or difference between noumenon and phenomenon,not the text,especially not the literary text and its aesthetic meaning.