microRNA在犬乳腺肿瘤中的研究进展

Research Progress of microRNA in Canine Mammary Tumor

犬乳腺肿瘤(CMT)在许多方面与人类乳腺癌(HBC)相似,是雌犬死亡率最高的常见肿瘤。到目前为止,大多数犬乳腺肿瘤仅在临床上乳腺发生可见变化时才被发现,手术切除肿块是较为有效的治疗方法。为了在肉眼可见变化之前发现恶性肿瘤,应考虑评估血清或体液中生物标志物。微核糖核酸(miRNA)作为转录后基因调控因子,已成为肿瘤研究中具有吸引力的生物标志物。本文从miRNA的来源、作用机制、与肿瘤发生发展的关系、检测方法、作为生物标志物的应用前景和局限性等方面,综述了miRNA在犬乳腺肿瘤中的研究现状和作为生物标志物在早期临床诊断或癌症进展监测中的应用价值,为犬乳腺肿瘤早期诊断和预后分析应用提供参考。

Canine mammary tumor(CMT)is similar to human breast cancer(HBC)in many aspects and is a common tumor with the highest mortality in female dogs.So far,most canine mammary tumors have only been found when visible changes occur in the mammary gland in clinical practice,and surgical removal of the mass is a more effective treatment.To detect malignancy prior to macroscopic changes,assessment of biomarkers in serum or body fluids should be considered.microRNA(miRNA)have become attractive biomarkers in cancer research since their discovery as post-transcriptional gene regulators.This paper reviews the current research status of miRNA in canine mammary tumors and their practical value as biomarkers in early clinical diagnosis or monitoring of cancer progression from several aspects,including the source,mechanism of action,relationship with tumor development,detection methods,prospects and limitations as biomarkers,and hopes to provide a reference for their application in early diagnosis and prognostic analysis of canine mammary tumors.