风险预防原则在环境司法适用中的审思与突破

The Examination and Breakthrough of the Risk Prevention Principle in the Application of Environmental Justice

科技理性的纯粹化催生了生态风险的社会化,内生于此的风险预防原则因具有突破传统意义上“生态环境无损害则无救济”思维范式的价值功用而在环境司法中获得充分的适用空间,其内在价值主要体现为环境民事公益诉讼视域下对救济性环境司法的“补充功能”与环境行政公益诉讼视角下对行政权在环境风险规制中主导地位的“督促功能”。目前,风险预防原则在环境司法裁判中适用虽已初具共识,但仍面临作为适用依据的体系性法律规则缺失、作为核心要素的“重大风险”的认定存在困境以及作为适用场域的预防性环境公益诉讼呈现“单轨制”运行特征等三重困境。为进一步发挥风险预防原则在环境司法中的作用,需要以环境保护法规定的预防原则为接口,塑造风险预防原则在环境法典中的文本表达方式;以风险预防原则在环境司法中适用的核心要素——“重大风险”为概念起点,完善“重大风险”认定的司法裁判规则;以确保司法权的谦抑性为前提,拓展风险预防原则在环境司法中的适用场域。

The purity of technological rationality has led to the socialization of ecological risks.The risk prevention principle inherent in this process has gained sufficient application space in environmental justice due to its value function in breaking through the traditional paradigm of“ecological environment without damage without relief”.The internal value of the risk prevention principle is mainly reflected in the environmental civil public interest litigation view of relief environmental judicial“supplementary function”and environmental administrative public interest litigation perspective of administrative power in the dominant position in the environmental risk regulation of“urged function”.At present,the risk prevention principle in the environment judicial judgment has a consensus,but still face as the applicable basis of systematic legal rules,as the core elements of the recognition of“significant risk”dilemma and as the applicable field of preventive environment public interest litigation present“single”running characteristics of the triple dilemma.In order to further play the role of risk prevention principle in environmental justice,it is necessary to develop the the prevention principle stipulated in The Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China as an interface to shape the textual expression of risk prevention principle in the environmental code.It is necessary to take the core element of risk prevention principle applied in environmental justice“significant risk”as the conceptual starting point,and improve the judicial judgment rules for determining“significant risk”.And it is necessary to expand the application scope of the risk prevention principle in environmental justice with the premise of ensuring the moderation of judicial power.