二维材料的一维纳米带

1D Nanoribbons of 2D Materials

自石墨烯被发现以来,二维材料研究成为一个新的研究热点。当二维材料制备成一维纳米带结构后,由于宽度方向上的限域效应和边缘结构的差异,导致其具有区别于二维材料的独特的电学、光学和磁学性质,因此逐步成为科学家关注的焦点。本文主要介绍了石墨烯、石墨炔、联苯烯、氮化硼、黑磷、过渡金属二硫族化合物等二维材料的一维纳米带的结构、制备方法和性能研究。首先讨论了二维材料制备成一维纳米带后的结构与性能的改变;其次,着重阐述了典型的纳米带制备方法,包括“自上而下”和“自下而上”两种策略,如二维片层刻蚀、打开纳米管、化学合成、化学气相沉积、外延生长及碳纳米管限域生长等方法,实现可控制备指定纳米宽度与具有特定边缘结构的纳米带,最终获得不同于其二维材料本体的特殊性能。最后,总结了不同方法制备纳米带的优缺点,提出了需要克服的困难和挑战,并展望了未来的研究方向,希望能引起国内外同行的广泛关注。

Since the discovery of graphene,studies on two⁃dimensional(2D)materials have become a hot research area.2D materials can be prepared into one⁃dimensional(1D)nanoribbons by using different methods.The obtained 1D nanoribbons present unique electrical,optical,and magnetic properties,which are different from that of their 2D material counterparts,due to their limited width and specific edge structures.Therefore,more and more researches focus on the 1D nanoribbons of 2D materials recently.In this review,we introduce several typical 1D nanoribbons of 2D materials,such as graphene,graphdiyne,biphenylene,boron nitride,black phosphorus,and transition metal dichalcogenides.We firstly discuss the structures and modified properties when the 2D materials are formed into 1D nanoribbons.Then,typical synthesis methods including“top⁃down”and“bottom⁃up”strategies are presented in detail.Especially,several methods are mainly introduced including on⁃surface synthesis,solution synthesis,confined synthesis,unzipping the nanotubes,and chemical vapor deposition,leading to controllable synthesis of nanoribbons with sub⁃nanometer in width and/or with designed edge structure,which ultimately result in nanoribbons with tailored properties.Finally,advantages and disadvantages of these synthesis methods are summarized and perspectives on the precision synthesis of certain nanoribbons with specific properties as well as applications are highlighted.We hope that this review is able to attract domestic and international peers’attention on this new research focus on the 1D nanoribbons of 2D materials.