湿法炼锌溶液中锗的富集与回收研究进展

Research Progress on Enrichment and Recovery of Germanium from Zinc Hydrometallurgical Solution

锗是中国战略新兴产业发展的保障性资源,随着高新技术的发展,其战略地位更加突显.当前,锗主要从锌冶炼过程中回收,从湿法炼锌溶液中锗的存在形态及特点出发,阐述了单宁沉锗、溶剂萃取、液膜法、离子交换树脂4类主要方法富集回收锗的反应机理、工艺特点、研究进展及未来发展趋势.单宁沉锗工艺较为成熟,但存在试剂成本高,单宁消耗量大,无法循环利用等问题;离子交换树脂因湿法炼锌产出的含锗溶液复杂,易导致树脂中毒、负载量小等问题,近年来发展缓慢;溶剂萃取与液膜法等新型绿色方法,因技术进步、生产成本的降低、分离富集效果显著等优势备受关注,具有较大发展空间.

Germanium is a vital resource for the development of China s strategic emerging industries.With the ad-vancement of high-tech,its strategic position has become increasingly prominent.Currently,germanium is primaily recovered from the zinc smelting process.Based on the existing form and characteni stics of germanium in hydro-metallurgical zinc solutions,this paper discusses the reaction mechanism,process characterstics,research progress,and future development trends of germanium enichment and recovery using tannin precipi tation,solvent extraction,liquid membrane methods,and ion exchange resins.The tannin germanium precipitation process is relatively mature;however,it has issues such as high reagent cost,substantial tannin consumption,and lack of recyclability.lon exchange resins are prone to problems such as resin poisoning and low loading due to the complex composition of germanium containing solutions produced by zinc hydrometallurgy.New ecofriendly methods,like solvent extraction and liquid membrane techniques,have attracted considerable attention due to their advantages,including technological advancements,reduced production costs,and significant separation and enrichment effects.