竞争环境下考虑技术进步的供应链重构策略研究

Supply-chain reconstruction strategy under competition and technological upgrading

在经济全球化与科技飞速发展的背景下,技术进步已成为影响供应链竞争的关键因素.本文研究了竞争环境下考虑技术进步的供应链重构策略,构建了技术进步前与进步后两种供应链竞争模型.技术进步前,模型考虑一个高技术零件供应商为两个具有竞争关系的制造商提供专有零部件;随后其中一个制造商投入成本进行技术升级,升级后的制造商能够自己生产上述高技术零部件(即实现了供应链的重构).研究发现,与技术进步前相比,技术进步后两个制造商都会降低其产品定价,高技术供应商也会降低其零件的批发单价,且竞争性产品之间的替代性越强,降价的幅度越大,但技术进步可以削弱产品之间的替代性对均衡定价的影响.除此之外,与技术进步前相比,技术进步导致供应链重构后,高技术供应商与未进行技术升级的制造商的利润都会降低,而实施技术升级的制造商的利润以及社会整体福利只有在技术升级成本控制在合理范围内时才会有所提高,而整条供应链的利润只有在产品之间替代性较弱且技术升级成本较小的情况下才会有所提高.此外,技术进步会增加整个市场的消费者剩余,且市场规模越大或零部件的单位成本越低或产品之间的替代性越强,消费者剩余增加得越多.最后,本文将模型扩展到了考虑技术升级失败风险、高技术供应商品牌效应等情境,发现了类似的结论,验证了模型的鲁棒性.

In the context of economic globalization and rapid development of science and technology,technological progress has become one of the most important way for enterprises to seek survival and development.This paper studies the supply chain reconfiguration strategy under the background of technological progress,and constructs two models.Before technological advancement,a high-tech supplier provides two manufacturers with components,and then one of the manufacturers invested in technology upgrades,and has its own supplier of components.The study found that after technological advancement,both manufacturers will lower their product prices,and high-tech suppliers will also lower the prices of their components.And the stronger the substitution between competing products,the greater the price reduction.Technological progress can reduce the impact of product substitution on pricing.The profits of high-tech suppliers and manufacturers that have not made technological advancements will reduce,but the profits of technologically advanced suppliers and the overall profit of the entire supply chain will only increase when the technological input is controlled within a reasonable range.In addition,technological progress will increase the consumer surplus,and the larger the market size,the smaller the unit cost of components,the more lavish this increase will be.Finally,we expand the model to situations with technical upgrade failures and supplier brand effects,and obtain similar results,verifying the robustness of the model.