传感器飞机核心关键技术进展与应用

Progress and application of key technologies of SensorCraft

传感器飞机是美国空军实验室提出的一种高空长航时预警监视和信息综合飞行器,采用平台载荷一体化技术理念,兼具飞行器和传感器的双重特征。平台与载荷之间多要素耦合,意味着不同于传统情报、监视与侦察(ISR)飞机的总体设计;飞行条件与性能指标为气动设计带来了新挑战;大展弦比柔性机翼的气动弹性问题不仅造成飞行性能恶化,还会导致机翼共形天线电性能的损失。本文总结了传感器飞机的技术特征,从飞行平台和共形天线两方面阐述了美国传感器飞机系统的发展历程,梳理了支撑传感器飞机发展的一体化布局设计、层流减阻、阵风减缓、共形天线设计、形变测量与重构、电性能补偿6项核心关键技术并介绍了相关应用;从飞行能力、隐身能力、感知能力及协同能力4个方面展望了该类飞行器的发展趋势,可为后续新型ISR飞机提供参考。

SensorCraft is an early warning and surveillance and information synthesis aircraft proposed by the Air Force Research Laboratory,with high ceiling and long endurance.It adopts the platform-payload integration technology,with the dual features of the aircraft and sensor.Coupling of multiple elements between platform and payload means that the overall layout design is different from that of the traditional Intelligence,Surveillance and Reconnaissance(ISR)vehicle.Flight conditions and performance indexes bring new challenges to the aerodynamic design.Aeroelastic problem of large aspect ratio flexible wing not only worsens flight performance,but also leads to loss of electromagnetic performance of wing conformal antenna.This paper summarizes the technical characteristics of SensorCraft,expounds the development history of the United States SensorCraft system from two aspects of the flight platform and conformal antenna.From the perspective of technical characteristics,key technologies supporting SensorCraft are sorted out,such as integrated layout design,laminar drag reduction,gust alleviation,conformal antenna design,deformation measurement&reconstruction,and electromagnetic performance compensation.Relevant applications are introduced.The development trend of this aircraft is also discussed in terms of the flight ability,stealth ability,perception ability and coordination ability of the aircraft,so as to provide reference for the new ISR aircraft.