MicroRNA体外检测的研究进展

Research Progress in MicroRNA Detection in Vitro

MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类内源性、进化高度保守的小分子非编码RNA,通过识别同源序列及干扰转录、翻译或表观遗传以调节基因的表达。研究发现,某些miRNA的异常表达与疾病相关,可作为生物标志物或药物靶点为疾病诊断、治疗及预后提供新思路,而准确测定miRNA的表达是其应用于临床的关键。本文结合近年来研究成果对传统检测方法及其改进和等温核酸扩增的新技术进行概述,分析这些方法的优势与不足。

MicroRNA(miRNA)is a kind of endogenous and highly conserved small non-coding RNA,which regulates gene expression by recognizing homologous sequences and interfering with transcription,translation or epigenetics.Studies have found that the abnormal expression of some miRNAs is related to diseases,which can provide new ideas for disease diagnosis,treatment and prognosis as biomarkers or drug targets,and accurate determination of miRNA expression is the key to its clinical application.In this paper,combined with the research results in recent years,the traditional detection methods and their improvements and new technologies for isothermal nucleic acid amplification are summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed.