宋代道学语境中武则天形象的重构

The Reconstruction of Wu Zetian's Image in the Context of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty

武则天在宋代道学语境中被评价为“嬖者”,这是一种伦理观念对政治观念影响的产物。在道学家们“男尊女卑”的伦理认知下,武则天的政治功过无从评说,其“非常革命”被赋予离经叛道的解释;所谓“悍妇昏主”之类的评价,并不指向武氏的个人能力,而仅仅是道学家们维护皇权正统性时,对士大夫之失的批评。“春秋笔法”寓褒贬深意对武则天的评价,折射出道学家借助义理解经,以理解权力合法性的价值路线。道学家们对武则天的评价,是一种固化传统意识的政治意图,更是一种型塑政治伦理的主观努力。这些评价理念,对后世武则天历史形象的书写和传播,产生了重要的影响。

Wu Zetian was evaluated as one of the Favored in the context of Neo-Confucianism during the Song Dynasty,which is the result of the influence of ethical concepts on political notions.With the ethical cognition of"male superiority and female inferiority"of neo-Confucians,it's difficult to comment on Wu Zetian's political merits,and her"extraordinary revolution"is explained as a deviate action.Evaluations such as the so-called"Fierce Woman vs Fatuous Monarch"do not mean to appraise Wu's personal talent but just the impertinent criticisms of literati and officialdom when they maintained the legitimacy of imperial power.The way of"writing by Using the past to criticize the present"contains deep commendation and derogation to evaluate Wu Zetian,and reflects the value orientation of neo-Confucians who illustrated the classics by using Principle as Order to apprehend the legitimacy of imperial power.The evaluation of Wu Zetian by neo-Confucians is a kind of political intention of the solidified traditional consciousness,and even is a subjective effort to shape political ethics.These evaluations formed the concepts which had an important impact on the writing and dissemination of Wu Zetian's historical image in later generations.