底层民众与城市近代化:民国前期内地城市贫困人口的人口学特征研究

The People at the Bottom and Urban Modernization:A Study on the Demographic Characteristics of the Poor in Urban During the Pre-Republic of China Period

民国前期内地城市贫困人口作为一个规模庞大的社会群体,具有其特殊的人口学特征。从城市贫困人口的性别比例方面看,存在严重的男女比例失衡问题,男性数量远多于女性。另一方面,相关统计数据显示,当时内地城市贫困人口的性比例失衡程度往往较其所在城市人口性比例平均水平为低。从年龄结构看,以年轻人居多,青壮年构成了城市贫困人口的主体。受制于内地城市经济发展水平、经济辐射能力和交通条件,其籍贯来源主要以来自城市周边地区的本省籍人口为主。内地城市贫困人口的教育程度普遍较低,经济的贫困是贫困人口缺乏教育的根源,同时也导致脱贫更加困难和贫困代际传递的加剧。民国前期内地城市贫困人口的人口学特征体现了内地城市贫困人口问题的特殊性,也是当时中国严峻的社会经济形势与激烈的社会矛盾的一个缩影。

As a large-scale social group,the urban poor in the pre-Republic of China period has its own special demographic characteristics.In terms of the sex ratio of the urban poor,there is a serious imbalance between male and female,with male far outnumbering female.On the other hand,relevant statistics show that the gender imbalance of the urban poor in the inner land at then was often lower than the average sex ratio of the urban population.From the perspective of age structure,young people are the majority,and young and middle-aged people constitute the majority of urban poor people.Limited by the economic development level,economic radiation capacity and transportation conditions of inner land cities,its origin is mainly from the population of the province from the surrounding areas of the city.The education level of the urban poor in the interior is generally low,and economic poverty is the root of the lack of education of the poor,which also makes poverty alleviation more difficult and the intergenerational transmission of poverty intensified.The demographic characteristics of the urban poor in the pre-Republic of China period show the particularity of the problem of the urban poor in the inner land,and are also a microcosm of the severe socio-economic situation and fierce social contradictions in China at then.