欧洲职业教育与培训一体化“软”治理工具研究——以跨国学习流动记分卡为例

Research on"Soft"Governance Tools for European Initial Vocational Education and Training Integration:With Mobility Scorecard as an Example

跨国学习流动是欧洲职业教育与培训开展跨国合作,推进一体化的重要策略。学习流动记分卡是欧盟职业培训发展中心开发的用以指导和监测成员国对初始职业教育与培训跨国学习流动体系建设及相关政策执行的重要工具。学习流动记分卡遵循更加透明、更多参与和持续改进原则,针对欧盟《青年在流动-提高青年人的学习流动建议》政策提出的跨国学习流动积极环境建设的十大关键行动领域设计了程序导向的评价指标体系、基准参照式评价方法和八种在线评价结果反馈工具;通过定性和定量评价结果的策略性在线公开、比较与排名引发“点名-丢脸-出名”机制和政策学习机制,从情感与认知层面诱导成员国自愿地、持续地提高跨国学习流动政策执行的合规性,消除初始职业教育与培训跨国学习流动障碍,促进青年学习者跨国学习流动。

Transnational learning mobility is an important strategy to promote the European vocational education and training cooperation and integration.Mobility Scoreboard is an important tool developed by European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training to guide and monitor the construction of transnational learning mobility system for initial vocational education and training in members states.Following the principles of more transparency,more participation and continual improvement,Mobility Scoreboard designed a program-oriented evaluation index system,a benchmarking evaluation method and eight online evaluation results feedback tools for ten key action areas in the construction of a positive environment for transnational learning mobility proposed by the EU's"Youth on the Move:Promoting the Learning Mobility of Young People".By Strategic display the qualitative and quantitative data,Mobility Scoreboard creates naming-shaming-faming mechanism and policy learning mechanism,induces member states voluntarily and continuously improve the compliance of the policy implementation affectively and cognitively,removes obstacles hindering learning mobility,and eventually promotes the youth learners'mobility.