植物防止磷过量积累的分子机制研究进展

Research Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Plants Preventing Phosphate Overaccumulation

磷是植物生长和发育所必需的大量营养元素之一。由于自然或者人为原因,土壤中有效磷的分布严重不均。在长期的进化过程中,植物逐渐形成了复杂的响应机制以维持体内的磷的稳态。植物可以通过改变根系构型、形成菌根共生体、诱导高亲和磷酸盐转运体、诱导分泌有机酸和酸性磷酸酶等多种途径,提高植物吸收和利用磷的效率。目前关于植物对低磷胁迫信号转导和适应机制的研究已比较深入,但是关于植物如何在磷充足、磷富余情况下避免磷毒害方面的研究还尚未明确。为了增加水稻的产量,农民往往施加了过量的化肥,这不仅造成了环境污染,也造成了部分耕地中磷的过量积累。植物也具有精细的调控机制,避免高磷毒害。本研究主要针对植物防止过量积累磷的分子机制进行综述,并对该领域未来的研究重点进行了展望。

Phosphorus(P)is one of the essential elements for plant growth and development.Due to natural or man-made reasons,the distribution of available Pi in soil is seriously uneven.In the long process of evolution,plants have gradually developed complex response mechanisms to maintain Pi homeostasis in their bodies.Plants can enhance the efficiency of Pi uptake and utilization by changing root configuration,forming mycorrhizal symbionts,upregulating high affinity phosphate transporters,and secreting organic acids and acid phosphatases.At present,the research on signal transduction and adaptation mechanism of plants to low Pi stress has been relatively thorough,but the research on how plants avoid Pi poisoning when Pi is sufficient or abundant has not been clear.In order to increase the yield of rice,farmers often apply excessive chemical fertilizers,which not only causes environmental pollution,but also causes excessive accumulation of Pi in some cultivated land.Plants have elaborate mechanisms that to allow them to avoid Pi toxicity under high Pi conditions.In this review,we primarily focus on the research advances in the molecular mechanisms of plants responding to Pi excess,and briefly discuss the major directions for the future study of plant phosphate signaling.